Home Supplier Discovery Tools & Hardware Spring

Shenzhen Spring Manufacturers & Suppliers

Shenzhen Spring Total 569 manufacturers & suppliers found with 1,707 products

Shenzhen In-sail Precision Parts Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2014

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area2000+
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory , Trading Company , Group Corporation
Hardware , Fasteners , CNC Machining , Screws , Nuts
OEM, ODM, Own Brand
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 14000, IATF16949, ISO 22000
  • Press-Fit Long-Nose Spring Plungersacetal Plastic Nose 8683A19
    US$ 0.01 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Stainless Steel Springs Extension Compression Springs
    US$ 0.001 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Small and Heavy Duty Coil Torsion Spring for Automotive
    US$ 0.01 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)

Shenzhen Q.Y Precision Metal Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2021

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area2000+
Plant Area
Number of Employees42
Number of Employees
Manufacturer/Factory
Constant Force Spring , Power Spring , Variable Force Spring , Motor Brush Spring , Constant Torsion Spring
ODM, OEM
ISO9001:2015
  • Manufacture Stainless Steel Constant Force Spring for High Adjustment Device
    US$ 3 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Manufacture Variable Force Spring for Automotive Seat Belt, Cordless Curtains
    US$ 3 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Factory Power Spring for Seat Belts Springs, Power Cords Springs
    US$ 3 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)

Shenzhen Greelife Technology Co., Limited

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2018

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area2000+
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
Metal Injection Molding Parts/MIM Parts , Stainless Steel Hardware , Powder Metallurgy Metal Parts , Gear Motors , Custom Parts
OEM, ODM
ISO 9001
  • Custom Length Shape Memory Alloy SMA Spring with Nitinol Memory Metalle
    US$ 0.18 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Shape Memory Alloy Spring 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 10mm Nickel Titanium Spring
    US$ 1.98 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Shape Memory Alloy Spring SMA Niti Material
    US$ 0.98 / Piece
    5000 Pieces (MOQ)

Shen Zhen Hui Trade Industry Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2014

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area1000
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory , Trading Company
Automatic Sliding Door Operators , Automatic Swing Door Operators , Automatic Floor Spring Closer , Automatic Special Doors , Automatic Revolving Sliding Doors
OEM, ODM, Own Brand
ISO 9001, QC 080000
  • 150kgs Automatic Floor Spring for Three Years Guarantee
    US$ 300 / Set
    1 Set (MOQ)
  • Automatic Floor Spring (indoor) 150kgs
    US$ 300 / Set
    1 Set (MOQ)
  • Frameless Glass Automatic Floor Spring
    US$ 470 / Set
    1 Set (MOQ)

Shenzhen View Well Industry Co., Ltd

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2013

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area231
Plant Area
Number of Employees40
Number of Employees
Trading Company
Stamping Parts , Turning Parts , Milling Parts , CNC Processing , Sheet Metal
ODM, OEM
ISO 9001, IATF16949
  • Customized Metal Spring Clip
    US$ 1 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Custom Extension Springs
    US$ 1 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Wholesale High Precision Electroplating Metal Stamping Parts
    US$ 1 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)

Shenzhen Xinlongfei Electronic Products Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2021

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area2000+
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
Foam Gasket , EMI Shielding Foam Gasket , Foam Products , Waterproof Breathable Transonic Membrane , EVA Foam
OEM, ODM
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, QC 080000, PAS 28000
  • Hardware Stamping Parts, Shielding Spring, Corrosion-Resistant Metal Spring, Shielding Room Door Spring, MRI Door Spring
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Printed Version Stamped Beryllium Copper Spring, Corrosion-Resistant Metal Shielding Spring, Electronic and Mechanical Electromagnetic Shielding Material
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Single Groove Beryllium Copper Spring Shielding Strip
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)

Guangdong Xinling Industrial Co., Ltd

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2021

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area700
Plant Area
Number of Employees38
Number of Employees
Manufacturer/Factory , Trading Company
Production: Placement Machine Feeder , SMT Placement Machine , SMT AOI , SMT SPI , SMT Stencil Printer
ODM, OEM
BSCI, ASME
  • Juki 2050 2060 Gas Spring a RF30 3z01 40110174
    US$ 99 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • SMT Assembly Line Juki Feeder Spare Parts Rell Spring E1301706c00
    US$ 2 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Juki Feeder Spare Parts Rell Spring E1301706c00
    US$ 2 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)

Qinyi Electronics Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2015

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area1185
Plant Area
Number of Employees29
Number of Employees
Trading Company
SMT Spare Parts , Pick and Place Machines , SMT Feeder , SMT Nozzle , SMT Motor
ODM, OEM, Own Brand
ISO 9001, ISO 9000
  • Siemens SMT Spare Parts Ga Spring 003048063-01
    US$ 100 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • SMT Spare Part FUJI Spring Hook Wpa1790
    US$ 15 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • SMT Spare Part FUJI Spring Dnph2130
    US$ 15 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)

Shenzhen Comtech Electronic Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2009

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area1500
Plant Area
Number of Employees25
Number of Employees
Manufacturer/Factory , Trading Company
Cable; Connector
ODM
Response Time≤3h
  • Automobile Connector Terminal 0.64 Female End Spring Pressing Range 0.5-0.75mm
    US$ 0.5 / Roll
    4000 Rolls (MOQ)
  • Automobile Connector Manufacturer's Straight Pin F3 Spring DJ621-F3 * 0.6A Brass H65y
    US$ 0.14 / Roll
    4000 Rolls (MOQ)
  • Spring in Line Terminal of The Source Manufacturer Cold Pressed 2.8 Clean Body Apex Female Sn Unsealed Terminal
    US$ 0.26 / Roll
    4000 Rolls (MOQ)

Shenzhen Unitechuw Hardware Products Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2022

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Manufacturer/Factory
Bolt Fastener , Latte , Stamping , Spring
OEM
ISO 9001
  • Tension Spring with Irregular German-Style Hook and British-Style Hook
    US$ 3 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Flat Steel Wire Mold Spring
    Negotiable
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Extruder Strong Spring
    Negotiable
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)

Shenzhen Datong Precision Metal Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2017

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area2000+
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
Mould Parts , Springs , Guide Pins and Guide Bushings , Guide Strips and Wear Plates , Date Stamps and Air Valves
OEM, ODM, Own Brand
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, IATF16949
  • Monthly Deals Injection Mold Parts Mould Tool and Die Nitrogen Spring Nitrogen Gas Cylinder Gas Spring for Die Casting Moulds
    US$ 15 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Injection Mould Part Die Springs, Compression Springs, Coil Springs and Moulding Springs
    US$ 1 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Wmould Product Middle Deflection Coil Springs Dsws Stamping Compression Die Spring Mould Spring
    US$ 1 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)

Omon Group Inc.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2013

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area1200
Plant Area
Number of Employees41
Number of Employees
Trading Company
Hardware Products.
OEM
ISO 9001, ISO 9000, BSCI
  • Customized Zinc Plated Metal Extension Spring for Home Appliance
    US$ 0.005 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Customized Stud Flange Brass Hanger Flange Bolts for Building
    US$ 0.005 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Customized Screw Cheese Head Flange Wheel Bolt for Building
    US$ 0.005 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)

Shenzhen Kai Rui Technology Co., LTD

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2023

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area92
Plant Area
Number of Employees2
Number of Employees
Trading Company
Air Suspension , Linear Guide , Air Suspension Spring , Ball Screw , Bearing
ODM
Response Time≤3h
  • Rear Air Spring for A6 C7 VW Phideon A7 S7 RS7 S6 RS6 Air Shock Parts 4G0616001t 4G0616001K 4G0616002t
    US$ 65 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • The Air Suspension Shock Absorption for The BMW E53 Rear Air Spring Bag
    US$ 24 / Piece
    5 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Rear Auto Parts Air Suspension Spring for BMW Gt F11 F07 37106781827
    US$ 22 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)

Shenzhen Pepson Industrial Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2008

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area60
Plant Area
Number of Employees6
Number of Employees
Trading Company
Polyurethane Belts , PU Sheet , PU Timing Belt , Urethane Products , PU Rod
OEM, Own Brand
Others
  • PU Spring for Auto Manufacturing Machinery
    US$ 5 / Piece
    500 Pieces (MOQ)
  • PU Shock Absorber Spring for Puncher
    US$ 2 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • PU Car Spring
    US$ 1 / Piece
    10 Pieces (MOQ)

Shenzhen Aimiqu Technology Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2022

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area500
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
Distribution Box , Electronic Cabinet , Electric Box , Electrical Box , Electric Cabinet
OEM, ODM
ISO 9001, ISO 14000, BSCI
  • Customized Double Torsion Springs with High Quantity
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Compression Springs, Iron Springs, Durable High-Quality Small Springs
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Factory Customized Heavy Duty Wire Forming Extension Spring
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)

YiXin Industry Co., Limited

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2022

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Manufacturer/Factory
CNC Machining Parts , CNC Turning , Bending Parts , Laser Cutting Parts , CNC Milling
Response Time≤3h
ISO 9001, ISO 20000
  • Cheap Custom Aluminum Stainless Steel Lathe Spring Machine Radio Machine Parts All Kinds Machine Parts
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Cheap Custom OEM Aluminum Stainless Steel Lathe Spring Machine Radio Machine Parts All Kinds Machine CNC Machining Parts
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • OEM Precision Aluminum Stainless Steel Lathe Spring Machine Radio Machine Parts All Kinds Machine CNC Machining Parts
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)

Shenzhen Vibetop Technology Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2015

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area2000+
Plant Area
Number of Employees189
Number of Employees
Manufacturer/Factory
Precision Hardware Products
ODM, OEM
ISO9001:2015
  • Precision Stainless Steel Dowel Pin Spring Bars
    US$ 0.1 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Stainless Steel 304 Spring Bar/Spring Pins/Watch Spring Bar
    US$ 0.1 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Customized Watch Watchband Single Step Stainless Steel Spring Bar
    US$ 0.08 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)

SHENZHEN FORMAN PRECISION INDUSTRY CO., LTD.

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2018

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area2000+
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory , Trading Company
Energy Storage Connector & Cable , Circular Connectors & Cable , E-Motorcycle Connectors & Cable , Automotive Connector , Solar Connector & Cable
OEM, ODM, Own Brand
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, IATF16949
  • Bespoke Progressive Cold Stamping Parts Spring Clips
    US$ 0.01 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • ODM Stainless Metal Progressive Stamping Spring Clips
    US$ 0.01 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • ODM Brass Alloy Metal Progressive Stamping Spring Clips
    US$ 0.01 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)

Shenzhen Bonad Instrument Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2016

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area500
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
Test Probe , Test Machine , Lab Equipment , Gauge , Environment Test Machine
OEM, Own Brand
ISO 9001
  • IEC60068 Spring Impact Hammer CNAS & Ilac Calibration Certificate
    US$ 150 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • IEC60068 Spring Impact Hammer 2.0j Single Energy Type
    US$ 150 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • IEC60068 Spring Impact Hammer 6 Energy Adjustable Type
    US$ 400 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)

Antenk Electronics Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2013

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area2000+
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
DIN41612 Connectors , PCB Connectors , RJ45 with Magentic and PCB Jack , Wire to Board Conncetors , Terminal Block
OEM, ODM, Own Brand
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, IATF16949
  • 18650 Battery Holder Spring Type
    US$ 0.13 / Piece
    500 Pieces (MOQ)
  • 2.54mm Pogo Pin Straight Spring Male Connector Gold Plating
    US$ 0.75 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • 2.54X3.0mm Straight Type Spring Pogo Pin Connector
    US$ 0.3 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)

Shenzhen Senmu Metals Products Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2018

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area1156
Plant Area
Number of Employees24
Number of Employees
Manufacturer/Factory , Trading Company
Hardware , Precision Machining Part , CNC Turning Part , CNC Milling Part
ODM, OEM
Response Time≤3h
  • Clamp, Clip, Spring for Recessed LED Lights, Downlight, Panel Light
    US$ 0.02 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Copper Spring, Copper Clip for Electrical Socket /Banana Power Jack /Banana Plug/Cable Connector
    US$ 0.01 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Spring/Clamp/Clip for Recessed Lights, Downlight, Panel Light, Ceiling Light
    US$ 0.02 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)

Xinrixin Metal Material (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2017

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area2000+
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
Stainless Steel Sheet , Stainless Steel Precision Strip , Stainless Steel Coil , Nickle Strip , Stainless Steel Plate
ODM
ISO 9001
  • 301 Stainless Steel Scroll Spring with Competitive Price & High Quality! ! !
    US$ 1 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • 301 304 Stainless Steel Strip for Springs
    US$ 2.38 / kg
    1 kg (MOQ)
  • 301 Stainless Steel Spring Plate
    US$ 2.1 / kg
    1 kg (MOQ)

Win-Kare Technology Co., Ltd

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2018

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area300
Plant Area
Number of Employees18
Number of Employees
Manufacturer/Factory
Dimmer , Lighting Controller , Power Entry Module , Switch And Connector
Own Brand, ODM, OEM
within 15 workdays
  • Stainless Steel Pressure Button Spring Compression Coil Spring Torsion Spring
    US$ 0.12 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • 2.8mm 4.8mm 6.3mm Plug Spring Female Male Spade Cold Crimp Terminals Connector Car Speaker Electrical Wire Connectors Set
    US$ 0.012 / Piece
    10000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Mini 6A 125VAC Rocker and Level handle Switch Spdt Spring Loaded 3 Pins Toggle Switch
    US$ 0.5 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)

Dong guan Ruisheng Precision Technology Co., Ltd

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2017

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area2000
Plant Area
Number of Employees17
Number of Employees
Manufacturer/Factory , Trading Company
CNC Milling , CNC Machining , CNC Turning
ODM, OEM
ISO9001:2015
  • Customized Motorcycle Components CNC Machining Plank 6061 Billet Aluminum Kick Side Stand & Spring
    US$ 4.9 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • OEM Copper Spring Black Oxided Stamping Sheet Metal Brackets Credit Card Business Card Business Holder Belt Clip
    US$ 0.6 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Customized Motorcycle Components CNC Machining Plank 6061 7075 Billet Aluminum Kick Side Stand & Spring
    US$ 0.8 / Piece
    2 Pieces (MOQ)

Shenzhen Conghui Precision Hardware Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2017

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Trading Company
Fasteners , CNC Parts , Hex Bolts , Squre Nuts , Stamping Parts
OEM, ODM
ISO 9001
  • Stainless Flexible Compression Spring Custom Spring
    US$ 0.02 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • ISO8748 Spring-Type Straight Pins Spring Pins
    US$ 0.015 / Piece
    100 Pieces (MOQ)
  • High-Quality Elastic Cotter Pin Positioning Spring Cylindrical Pin Hollow Pin GB879 Steel in Black
    US$ 0.01 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)

Shenzhen Hongrun Vehicle Parts Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2012

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area42
Plant Area
Number of Employees1
Number of Employees
Trading Company
LED Trailer Light , Trailer LED Lamp , Excavator Part , Trailer Spare Part , Air Bag
OEM, ODM, Own Brand
ISO 9001, ISO 14000
  • Rear Air Spring for Hummer
    US$ 78 / Piece
    2 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Front Air Spring for Audi A6 Allroad 1998-2006
    US$ 135 / Piece
    10 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Air Spring 4z7616051d for Audi A6
    Negotiable
    10 Pieces (MOQ)

United Electric Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2020

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area1000
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
Power Cable Accessories , Screened Connector , Insulation Enhancement , Gis Plug-in Termination , Bus Insulation & Wildlife Protection
Own Brand
ISO 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS/ OHSMS 18001
  • UERS101 Non-Magnetic Stainless Steel Constant Force Roll Spring
    US$ 1 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • UETCM-Flexible Tinned Copper Shield Wire Mesh
    US$ 1 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • UE-TCB Tinned Copper Shielding Braid
    US$ 1 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)

Shenzhen Warriorz Technology Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2023

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area1000
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
Bottle Labeling Machine , Pneumatic Cylinder , Tube Filling and Sealing Machine , Sensor Connector Cable
OEM, ODM
within 15 workdays
  • Airbag Cylinder Eb-165-65 36487 Airbag Cylinder Single-Layer Air Spring
    US$ 195 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Mfh-5-1/2 6420 Festosolenoid/Pneumatic Valves, Tiger Classic Electri
    US$ 109 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)
  • Mfh-5/3G-1/4-B 19787 Festosolenoid Valve Pneumatic Valves Tiger 2000 Valves
    US$ 123 / Piece
    1 Piece (MOQ)

ORIENTGARDEN CO., LIMITED

China Supplier - Gold MemberSince 2020

Suppliers with verified business licenses

4.0
Plant Area500
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory , Trading Company
RC Car Parts&Accessories , Wheels&Rims&Tires , LED Lights for Remote Control Car&Helicopter , Remote Control Car Accessories , Bike Model
OEM, ODM, Own Brand
ISO 9001, ISO 9000, QC 080000
  • Aluminum Steering Bellcranks Servo Saver Spring with Ball Bearing 5X8X2.5mm for 1/10 Traxxas Slash 4X4 Parts 6845X Red
    US$ 6 / Set
    20 Sets (MOQ)
  • Aluminum Steering Bellcranks Servo Saver Spring with Ball Bearing 5X8X2.5mm for 1/10 Traxxas Slash 4X4 Parts 6845X Blue
    US$ 6 / Set
    20 Sets (MOQ)
  • Aluminum Alloy CNC Front Swing Arm for Traxxas Slash 4X4
    US$ 5.2 / Set
    20 Sets (MOQ)

Shenzhen Sandum Precision Parts Co., Ltd.

China Supplier - Diamond MemberSince 2022

Suppliers with verified business licenses

5.0
Plant Area2000
Plant Area
Manufacturer/Factory
Thread Inserts , CNC Machining , Power Elements , Pogo Pin , Presss Fit Connectors
OEM, ODM
ISO 9001, ISO 9000
  • Carbon Steel Flat Tip Spring Plungers
    US$ 0.06 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • Customized Cheap Price M3 M5 Ball Spring Pllunger for Mold
    US$ 0.06 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
  • High Current Spring Loaded Contact Pin Gold Plated Pin for Electronic Device
    US$ 0.195 / Piece
    1000 Pieces (MOQ)
Items per Page: 10 | 30 | 50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... 19