Home Packaging & Printing Printing Machinery Parts Plate Mounting Device Gravure Printing Doctor Blades 2024 Product List

Gravure Printing Doctor Blades

products found from  trusted manufacturers & suppliers
View:

List View

Gallery View
1/ 6

Favorites

Doctor Blades for Gravure Printer

US$ 120-3310 / Piece
1 Piece (MOQ)
ANHUI YAFEI MACHINE TOOL CO., LTD.
ANHUI YAFEI MACHINE TOOL CO., LTD.
  • China Supplier - Diamond Member Diamond Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Anhui, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory,Trading Company,Group Corporation

  • ISO 9001, OHSAS/ OHSMS 18001, QC 080000
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001:2008, ISO9001:2000, RoHS, CE
Shredder Machine
Non-Standard
Uncoated
High Speed Steel
50-60
1/ 6

Favorites

Mdc Doctor Blades for Gravure Printer

US$ 120-3310 / Piece
1 Piece (MOQ)
ANHUI YAFEI MACHINE TOOL CO., LTD.
ANHUI YAFEI MACHINE TOOL CO., LTD.
  • China Supplier - Diamond Member Diamond Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Anhui, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory,Trading Company,Group Corporation

  • ISO 9001, OHSAS/ OHSMS 18001, QC 080000
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001:2008, ISO9001:2000, RoHS, CE
Shredder Machine
Standard
Uncoated
High Speed Steel
50-60
Video 1/ 6

Favorites

100m/Box Doctor Blade Carbon Steel Doctor Blade Dr Blade for Gravure Printer Machine Parts

US$ 3-100 / Piece
1 Piece (MOQ)
Sichuan Lcut Carbide Knives Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Sichuan Lcut Carbide Knives Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Diamond Member Diamond Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Secured Trading Secured Trading
  • Sichuan, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory,Trading Company

360° Virtual Tour

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

5(5.0)

"On-time Delivery"
On-time Delivery
Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001:2008, ISO9001:2000, RoHS, CE
Printing Machine
Standard
Uncoated
Carbon Steel
HRC56-HRC65
Video 1/ 6

Favorites

Carbon-Enhanced Doctor Blade Price for Paper Machine Short Run Gravure Applications

US$ 3-100 / Piece
1 Piece (MOQ)
Sichuan Lcut Carbide Knives Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Sichuan Lcut Carbide Knives Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Diamond Member Diamond Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Secured Trading Secured Trading
  • Sichuan, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory,Trading Company

360° Virtual Tour

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

5(5.0)

"Fast Delivery"
Fast Delivery
Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001:2008, ISO9001:2000, RoHS, CE
Slotting Machine, Printing and Paper Making
Standard
Coating
Carbon Steel
HRC56-HRC65
Video 1/ 6

Favorites

Gravure Doctor Blade for High Speed Doctor Blade Machine

US$ 3-100 / Piece
1 Piece (MOQ)
Sichuan Lcut Carbide Knives Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Sichuan Lcut Carbide Knives Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Diamond Member Diamond Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Sichuan, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory,Trading Company

360° Virtual Tour

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

5(5.0)

"Fast Dispatch"
Fast Dispatch
Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001:2008, ISO9001:2000, RoHS, CE
Slotting Machine, Printing Machine
Standard
Coating
Carbon Steel
HRC56-HRC65

Favorites

Gravure Printing Doctor Blade

US$ 1-1000 / Piece
1 Piece (MOQ)
McLantis Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
McLantis Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Shanghai, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory

  • ISO 9001, ISO 9000
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

5(5.0)

"Great Supplier"
Great Supplier
Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
FT
Carton
A
Shanghai, China
1000000 Kg Per Year
McLantis

Favorites

Sweden Uddeholm Doctor Blade for Gravure Printing Machine

US$ 190-215 / box
1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
Uddeholm
for Scrape off The Extra Ink or Glue on Printing R
Doctor Blade
T0.102mm*W10mm*L200m
Carbon Steel
for Gravure/ Flexography Printing Packing Machine

Favorites

Good Price Aaron Printing Doctor Blade (500#) for Flexo/Gravure Printing Machine

US$ 200-248 / box
1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001
Printing Machinery
Blade
Carbon Steel
W30/40/50/60mm * T0.15mm/T0.2mm*L100m
Circular Blade

Favorites

Daetwyler Mdc Longlife Gravure Printing Doctor Blades

1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
100% Original Switzerland
for Scrape off The Extra Ink or Glue on Printing R
Doctor Blade
T0.15mmxw10/30/40/50/60mmxl100m
Carbon Steel Coating
Use for Gravure/ Flexography Printing Machine

Favorites

Gravure/Flexo Printing Germany Aaron Printing Doctor Blade

1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
to Remove The Excess Ink From The Image Carrier
Doctor Blade
Carbon Steel
T0.15mmxw30mmxl100m
Circular Blade
80-120m/Min

Favorites

Swit Mdc Bluestar Doctor Blade/Bevel Blade for Gravure Printing Machine

1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
100% Original Switzerland
for Scrape off The Extra Ink or Glue on Printing R
Doctor Blade
T0.15/0.2mmxw30/40/50/60mmxl100m
Carbon Steel
Use for Gravure/ Flexography Printing Machine

Favorites

Sweden Am Carbon Steel Doctor Blade for Gravure Printing Machine

US$ 208-240 / box
1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001
Printing Machinery
Blade
Carbon Steel
0.076*1.3mm
T0.152mm / T0.203mm

Favorites

Switzerland Mdc Bluestar Doctor Blade for Gravure Packaging and Illustration Printing

1 Box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001
Use for Gravure/ Flexography Printing Machine
Doctor Blade
T0.15/0.20mm*W30/40/50/60mm*L100m
0.06*1.7mm/0.06*2.7mm
Carbon Steel

Favorites

Sweden Am Gravure Printing Doctor Blades for Printing Machine

US$ 208-240 / box
1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
Am
for Scrape off The Extra Ink or Glue on Printing R
Doctor Blade
T0.15mm*W30/40/50/60mm*L100m
Carbon Steel
for Gravure/ Flexography Printing Packing Machine

Favorites

Gravure/Flexo Printing Switzerland Mdc Doctor Blade (SinoLB Type)

1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
100% Original Switzerland
for Scrape off The Extra Ink or Glue on Printing R
Doctor Blade
T0.15mmxw30/40/50/60mmxl100m
Carbon Steel
Use for Gravure/ Flexography Printing Machine

Favorites

Italy Cbg Acciai Gravure Lamella Doctor Blade for Printing Machine (Edge Size T1.3mm*0.067mm)

US$ 256-288 / box
1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001
Printing Machinery
Blade
Carbon Steel
W30/40/50/60mm * T0.15mm*L100m
T1.3mm*0.067mm

Favorites

Mdc Doctor Blade for Gravure Printing Machine

US$ 307-339 / box
1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001, ISO
Printing Machinery
Blade
Daetwyler
Carbon Steel
0.09*1.3mm

Favorites

Gravure/Flexo Germany Aaron Printing Doctor Blade 200#

1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
Aaron
for Scrape off The Extra Ink or Glue on Printing R
Doctor Blade
T0.15/0.2mmxw30/40/50/60mmxl100m
Carbon Steel
for Gravure/ Flexography Printing Packing Machine

Favorites

Switzerland Daetwyler Mdc Doctor Blade for Gravure/Flexo Printing

1 Box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
Use for Gravure/ Flexography Printing Machine
Doctor Blade
T0.15/0.20mm*W30/40/50/60mm*L100m
Carbon Steel
Mdc
Switzerland

Favorites

Aaron Gravure Printing Machinery Parts Doctor Blade 200#

US$ 108-136 / box
1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
ISO9001
Printing Machinery
Blade
Carbon Steel Blade
W30/40/50/60mm * T0.15mm*L100m
Circular Blade

Favorites

Aaron Gravure Printing Doctor Blade

1 Piece (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
Gravure Printing Machine
Gravure Printing Machine
Carbon Steel
T0.15/0.20mm*W30/40/50/60mm*L100m
Circular Blade
to Remove The Excess Ink From The Image Carrier

Favorites

Sweden Carbo Steel Material Snd Gravure, Flexo Doctor Blade for Printing Machine

US$ 230-260 / box
1 box (MOQ)
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Rongzhitai Packaging Technology Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Guangdong, China

  • Trading Company

  • ISO 9001
View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
Snd
for Scrape off The Extra Ink or Glue on Printing R
Doctor Blade
T0.15/0.2mmxw10/20/30/40/50/60mmxl100m
Carbon Steel
for Gravure/ Flexography Printing Packing Machine
1/ 4

Favorites

Standard Doctor Blade for Flexo and Gravure printing machines

4 BOX (MOQ)
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Shanghai, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
10-60mm
0.15 or 0.2mm
Carton/ Pallet
10-60mm
Shanghai, China
500box/Week
1/ 2

Favorites

Original Doctor Blade for Offset, Gravure and Flexo Printing Machine

US$ 90 / BOX
40 BOX (MOQ)
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Shanghai, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
10-60mm
0.15 or 0.2mm
Carton/ Pallet
10-60mm
Shanghai, China
500box/Week
1/ 2

Favorites

Gravure & Flexo Printing Coating Machine Doctor Blade

4 BOX (MOQ)
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Shanghai, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
10-60mm
0.15 or 0.2mm
Carton/ Pallet
10-60mm
Shanghai, China
500box/Week
1/ 2

Favorites

Gravure Printing Doctor Blades

US$ 90 / BOX
50 BOX (MOQ)
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Shanghai, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
10-60mm
0.15 or 0.2mm
Carton/ Pallet
10-60mm
Shanghai, China
500box/Week
1/ 3

Favorites

Gravure Printing Lamella Doctor Blade

US$ 90 / BOX
100 BOX (MOQ)
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Shanghai, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
10-60mm
0.15 or 0.2mm
Carton/ Pallet
10-60mm
Shanghai, China
500box/Week
1/ 4

Favorites

Carbon Steel Doctor Blade for Gravure Printing & Flexo Printing Machine

4 BOX (MOQ)
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Shanghai, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
10-60mm
0.15 or 0.2mm
Carton/ Pallet
10-60mm
Shanghai, China
500box/Week
1/ 3

Favorites

Gravure Printing Lamella Doctor Blades

4 BOX (MOQ)
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Shanghai, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
10-60mm
0.15 or 0.2mm
Carton/ Pallet
10-60mm
Shanghai, China
500box/Week
1/ 4

Favorites

30 X 0.15mm Doctor blade for flexo printing gravure printing

4 BOX (MOQ)
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Denghong Mechanical & Electrical Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • China Supplier - Gold Member Gold Member
  • Audited SuppliersAudited Supplier
  • Shanghai, China

  • Manufacturer/Factory

View larger video & image

View larger video & image

Contact Now

Add to inquiry basket to compare.
10-60mm
0.15 or 0.2mm
Carton/ Pallet
10-60mm
Shanghai, China
500box/Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 107 Next
Questions & Answers on Gravure Printing Doctor Blades
Q
How can I verify the quality of Printing Machinery Parts before making a wholesale purchase?
A
Discover the perfect Printing Machinery Parts addition with our Gravure Printing Doctor Blades.To verify the quality of Printing Machinery Parts before wholesale procurement, you can request samples, inspect manufacturing facilities, or collaborate on a pilot order. Check for materials, compatibility with your equipment, and ensure the supplier meets your specifications.
Q
Why choose to order Printing Machinery Parts wholesale from a manufacturer in China?
A
Our Gravure Printing Doctor Blades offers exceptional quality within the Printing Machinery Parts category.Ordering Printing Machinery Parts wholesale from a manufacturer in China offers advantages such as cost savings, bulk discounts, customized options, and consistent quality. Partnering with a reputable manufacturer ensures reliable products tailored to your printing needs.
Q
What are the key factors to consider when selecting Printing Machinery Parts suppliers in China?
A
The Gravure Printing Doctor Blades is classified under our comprehensive Printing Machinery Parts range.When choosing suppliers in China for Printing Machinery Parts, factors to consider include quality, prices, lead times, and after-sales service. Conduct research, request certifications, and read reviews to ensure you are partnering up with a reliable company that meets your business needs.

You may also be interested in

China Screen Printing Products China 6 Color Printing Machine Printing Coated Paper 4 Colors Printing Machine Screen Printing Process Custom Printing Paper Custom Packaging Printing Paper Printing Machine Four Color Printing Machine 2 Colors Printing Machine Printing Doctor Blade Plastic Doctor Blade Printer Doctor Blade Steel Doctor Blade Flexo Doctor Blade

Wholesale & Price

Wholesale Automatic Printing Machine Wholesale Photo Printing Machine Wholesale Used Printing Machines Wholesale Offset Printing Machine Four Color Printing Price One Color Printing Price Plastic Bag Printing Price Two Colour Printing Price Digital Printing Machine Factory Professional Printing Company Factory
More

Sourcing Guide for Gravure Printing Doctor Blades:

A complete one stop sourcing platform for packaging & printing suppliers, manufacturers and factories, we are big enough to be able to offer an expanded product line of labels and packaging design capabilities yet small enough to be able to provide the personal service that is still so very important in business today. Not only do we offer high quality labels and packaging, we offer valuable solutions. Technology is forever changing, and so are our suppliers and Gravure Printing Doctor Blades who always keep their standards high and has fostered innovation in everything they do. From their strategies and end products to how that are preserving and protecting the environment. We provide global buyers with a complete resource for their packaging needs such as cheap China Gravure Printing Doctor Blades. You can also find other packaging and printing solutions such as doctor blade, printing doctor blade, gravure doctor blade with competitive price. Let us help you to utilize our value-added products offerings to meet the demanding needs of your local market and customers.

Haven't found what you want?

Easy Sourcing

Post sourcing requests and get quotations quickly.

Product Alert

Stay updated to what's new and popular on the market.
New Selection
Category
Product Features
Product Types
Min Order
OK
Search Within
Certification
Usage
Category
Company Features
Member Type
Business Type
R&D Capacity
City

Related Product Categories

Popular Searches

Free App: App Store Google Play
Follow Us:
Contact Us:
TradeMessenger:
About Us FAQ Help Site Map Mobile Site
Hot Products China Products China Manufacturers/Suppliers Wholesale Products Wholesale Price Continent Channel Industry Sites Regional Channels Product Index Insights
Language Options: Español Português Français Русский язык Italiano Deutsch Nederlands العربية 한국어 日本語 हिन्दी ภาษาไทย Türkçe Tiếng Việt Bahasa Indonesia
User Agreement Declaration Privacy Policy
Copyright © 1998-2024 Focus Technology Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.