Home
Supplier Discovery
Metallurgy, Mineral & Energy
Steel Pipe & Tube
Erw Factories & Companies
Filter
Category
Chemicals
Construction & Decoration
Electrical & Electronics
Manufacturing & Processing Machinery
Metallurgy, Mineral & Energy
More
Management Certification
ISO9001:2008
Others
ISO9001:2015
ISO14001:2015
ISO45001:2016
More
R&D Capacity
OEM
ODM
Own Brand
Others
Annual Revenue
<1 Million USD
1 ~ 2.5 Million USD
2.5 ~ 5 Million USD
5 ~ 10 Million USD
10 ~ 50 Million USD
More
No.of Employees
Less than 5 People
5-50 People
51-200 People
201-500 People
501-1000 People
More
Province & Region
Anhui
Beijing
Fujian
Guangdong
Guangxi
More
about erw
Technological Innovation
Reliable Supply Chains
Substantial Manufacturing Capabilities
erw
800+ factories verified
Tianjin Youfa International Trade Co., Ltd.
14 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Steel Pipeline Welded ERW Bevel API 5L with 3PE Coating
US$
900.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
ASTM A53 Gr. B ERW 48mm Sch40
US$
580.00
-
650.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
ERW ASTM A795 Sch 10 4 Inch with Oil
Negotiable
3 Tons
(MOQ)
Sch Std ERW Black Welded Pipe
US$
580.00
-
790.00
2 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Chief Steel (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
ERW Galvanized Steel Pipe Factory
US$
330.00
-
450.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
ERW Steel Pipe/High Frequency Welded Square/Rectangualr Steel Pipe/ERW/Made in China/En/GB/ASTM
US$
400.00
-
660.00
50 Tons
(MOQ)
ERW/ASTM A53 ASTM A500 JIS G3466/ASTM A252 ASTM A178/an/Nzs 1163 an/Nzs 1074/En10219-1 En10217-1/API 5L Pls1 Pls2
US$
400.00
15 Tons
(MOQ)
ERW Steel Pipetube /ERW ASTM En JIS GB
US$
400.00
-
660.00
20 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Shanghai South Geely Industrial Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Premium ERW Steel Solutions for Cargo Wharf Development Projects
US$
580.00
-
780.00
3 Tons
(MOQ)
High-Quality ERW Cargo Fluid Transport Solution for DC01 DC04
US$
580.00
-
780.00
3 Tons
(MOQ)
Premium Quality Kitchen Appliances Sourced Directly From China
US$
780.00
-
1,280.00
3 Tons
(MOQ)
High-Quality ERW Steel Pipe for Carbon Oil and Gas Drilling
US$
680.00
-
980.00
3 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Baoding Brilliance Industrial Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Steel Tube Welding Machine for ERW Pipe Mill
US$
22,000.00
-
60,000.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
High Frequency Contact Welding Machine for ERW Tube Mill Line
US$
22,000.00
-
60,000.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
High Frequency Iron Pipe Mill Making Machine ERW Steel Tube Mill
US$
35,000.00
-
60,000.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
Pipe Making Machine China Factory Price 165 ERW Pipe & Tube Mill
US$
35,000.00
-
60,000.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
1/4
Tianjin Jinnuo Steel Pipe Co., Ltd.
18 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
High Quality Welded Square Steel Pipe /Q235 Carbon En 10219 ASTM A500 Welded ERW
US$
620.00
-
650.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Schedule 40 Carbon ERW Steel Pipe Black Welded Steel Pipe, ERW/SSAW Black Steel Tube, Prime Quality Ms Carbon Steel Pipe
US$
400.00
-
500.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
Pipe Carbon Steel Hot Sale Tianjin Factory 5L ASTM A106 A53 Gr. B Q235 Q195 Q345 Seamless Round Hot Rolled ERW
US$
620.00
-
650.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Price Pre Gi Steel Pipe Galvanized Chs Zinc40G/M2 1 1/2" 1 1/4" 2" 3" Astma500 BS1387 Gi ERW
US$
600.00
-
650.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
TIANCHENG METAL MATERIAL(TIANJIN) CO., LTD.
Send Inquiry
API 5L Psl1/2 X42 Welded Pipe Linepipe ERW
US$
450.00
-
680.00
20 Pieces
(MOQ)
API 5L Psl1/PS2 X42 Welded Linepipe ERW
US$
630.00
-
960.00
20 Tons
(MOQ)
API 5L X42 Psl1 Welded ERW Pipe Linepipe ERW
US$
450.00
-
680.00
20 Pieces
(MOQ)
API X60 Psl2 ERW Pipe
US$
540.00
-
760.00
20 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Union Steel Industry Co., Ltd.
3 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
ERW/ASTM A53 ASTM A500 JIS G3466/ASTM A252 ASTM A178/an/Nzs 1163 an/Nzs 1074/En10219-1 En10217-1/API 5L Pls1 Pls2
US$
338.20
-
807.50
1 metric tons
(MOQ)
API 5CT K55 J55 Carbon Steel Casing Pipe Seamless & ERW 4-1/2" to 20" Od for Surface Conductor Strings
US$
250.00
-
500.00
1 metric tons
(MOQ)
ASTM A53 ERW Pipe Stainless Steel Pipe Galvanized Steel Pipe
US$
380.00
-
450.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Steel Pipe ERW Carbon Steel Tube
US$
359.00
-
650.00
1 tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Tianjin Hypile Foundation Engineering Co.,Ltd
7 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Hypile ERW Structural Hollow Sections for Construction and Machinery
US$
500.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Hypile En10219 S355jr ERW Steel Pipe for Offshore Port Piling and Structural
US$
500.00
-
600.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Hypile 5L X56 ERW Steel Pipe for Structural Piling Port Reinforcement
US$
500.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Hypile En10219 S355j0 ERW Steel Pipe for Bridge Pier Port Expansion Projects
US$
500.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1/4
Lingchuang Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd
4 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Customized Size Round Well Seaworthy Package Mild Steel Pipe ERW Seamless
US$
615.00
-
650.00
5 tons
(MOQ)
Mill Test Certificate Building Industry Machinery Seamless Steel Pipe Round ERW Black
US$
615.00
-
650.00
5 tons
(MOQ)
Q235/Q195/Q345/A36/10*10-600*600mm/0.5-12.0mm/Pre Galvanized/Hot DIP Galvanized/Black Mild/ERW/Welded/Square/Aluminum/Stainless/Carbon Steel Tube/Pipe
US$
580.00
-
660.00
25 tons
(MOQ)
Premium Q235B ERW Seamless Steel Pipe - Reliable and Strong
US$
500.00
-
530.00
25 tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Tianjin Yitejia Steel Sales Co., Ltd.
15 yrs
Send Inquiry
ERW Carbon Steel Pipe Manufacturer Q345b, S355jr DIN Steel Pipe Carbon DIN Tube Sheet
US$
200.00
-
400.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
ASTM A106 Gr B Seamless Steel Pipe, ERW Welded Carbon Steel Pipe
US$
200.00
-
400.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Ms Steel ERW Carbon ASTM A53 Galvanized Iron Pipe Welded Sch40 Pipe Galvanized Steel for Building Material
US$
200.00
-
400.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
ERW Steel Tube Q235, ASTM A53/API 5L ERW Steel Pipes
US$
200.00
-
400.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1/4
Frst Metal Products (Tianjin) Co., Ltd
2 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
ERW Hollow Section Weight Steel Tube ERW Ss400
US$
580.00
-
639.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Gi Steel Pipe ASTM A53 Galvanized Painted ERW Ms Steel Pipes
US$
499.00
-
699.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Galvanized Welded Made in China ERW Gi Pipe with Low Price
US$
499.00
-
699.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
ERW ASTM A53 Steel Pipes 3 Inch Q235 ERW Weld Carbon Steel Tube
US$
499.00
-
699.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1/4
Jinan Mech Piping Technology Co., Ltd
13 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Hot Dipped Galvanized Seamless Welded Steel Pipe Gi Hollow Round Pipe ERW
US$
580.00
-
650.00
32 Tons
(MOQ)
Mech ASTM A795 Red Painted Steel Pipe 6m Grooves for Fire Sprinkler System FM ERW Welding
US$
600.00
-
680.00
32 Tons
(MOQ)
2 Inch Schedule 40 Galvanized Round Steel Pipe FM Certified ERW Technique 6m Length
US$
580.00
-
650.00
32 Tons
(MOQ)
ASTM A53 Type E Schedule 40 Grooved Ends Steel Pipe Red Painted ERW Technique Welding Service 6m Length for Structure
US$
592.00
-
675.00
32 tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Chengdu Derbo Steel Co., Ltd
5.0
Send Inquiry
6" Sch 40 Carbon Steel Pipe ERW X42
US$
800.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
DN650 Sch40 ASTM A53 Gr. B ERW Steel Tube
US$
500.00
-
550.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
A671 ERW Carbon Steel Pipe with Bevelld End
US$
500.00
-
550.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Electronic Resistance Welded (ERW) Steel Pipe
US$
400.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Tianjin RuiTong Iron & Steel Co., LTD.
23 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Pipe Production Technical Method ERW Welded with Longitudinal Seam
US$
650.00
-
800.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
High Quality Galvanized Steel Pipe 50mm ERW Sch 40 15mm Diameter
US$
500.00
-
650.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
High Quality Galvanized Steel Pipe 50mm ERW Welded Sch 40 15mm Diameter
US$
500.00
-
650.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
High Quality Galvanized Steel Pipe 50mm ERW Welded Sch 40
US$
500.00
-
650.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1/4
Tianjin Huilifeng Anti-Corrosion and Insulation Steel Pipe Group Co., Ltd.
16 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
API 5L X42 Steel Pipe Od355.6 Sch40 ERW 3lpe Coating
US$
569.00
-
850.00
6 Meters
(MOQ)
16" HDPE Coated Pipeline Schedule 40
US$
0.99
-
9,999.00
5 Meters
(MOQ)
API 5L Od508mm/609.6mm Steel Pipe Sch40 Psl2 ERW 3lpe Coating
US$
569.00
-
850.00
6 Meters
(MOQ)
Fbe Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coating Anticorrosion Protection for Steel Pipes ERW
US$
9.90
-
999.00
6 Meters
(MOQ)
1/4
Shanghai Ali-Mama Steel Trading Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
S355 J2hj0h Spiral Welded Steel Carbon Pipe SSAW LSAW ERW Sch80 for Pipeline Building Structure
US$
899.00
-
900.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
LSAW Steel Pipe Carbon Steel ERW Seamless Steel Pipe Casing Pipe Steel Pipe API 5L Pipeline Pipe A333 API 5CT API 5L 24 Inch Schedule 40 A53 Pipe A106
US$
550.00
-
600.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
API 5L ASTM A106 Gr. B Ms/ERW/Welded/Seamless Manufacturing Carbon
US$
800.00
-
900.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Durable Stainless Steel Elbow Fittings for Carbon Steel Pipes
US$
5.00
-
10.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Permanent Steel Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
ASTM B338 Gr2 Titanium Pipes/ Titanium Alloy Grade2 Seamless Pipes/ Gr2 Welded Pipe Ti ERW
US$
0.53
1 kg
(MOQ)
High Quality Carbon Steel Pipe Price List Black ERW Carbon Round Welded Steel Tube
US$
200.00
-
450.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
BS 1387 Mild Welding Steel Tube Black ERW Hot DIP Zinc Coating
US$
197.00
-
400.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
ASME SA53 Electric Welded Steel Pipe Carbon Steel Pipe Sch40 A226 A283 A53 A106 API 5L Gr. B Seamless Carbon A694 F42 5 L ASTM Gr B ERW Gr-B
US$
250.00
-
395.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1/4
Tianjin Arcelormittal Steel Trade Co., Ltd.
16 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
High-Quality ERW Steel Pipe for Industrial Applications and Construction
US$
500.00
-
600.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Premium ERW Welded Steel Pipe for Global Distribution Needs
US$
600.00
-
700.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
High-Quality Zinc Coated ERW Steel Pipe for Global Markets
US$
500.00
-
600.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
China Carbon Steel Square / Rectangle Welded Steel Tube Steel Pipe Factory
US$
500.00
-
580.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
TIANJIN NANXIANG STEEL STRIP PROCESSING CO., LTD.
14 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Shs Rhs Steel Tube Pipe Square Rectangular Hollow Section ERW
US$
550.00
-
610.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Carbon Steel Pipe 6 Meters Precision Welded Steel Pipe Round ERW
US$
560.00
-
630.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
Wholesale ERW SSAW Hollow Carbon Black Iron Spiral Steel Pipe
US$
630.00
-
650.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
ERW ASTM A106 Sch40 Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe for Construction
US$
560.00
-
630.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Botou Boheng Metallurgical Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
23 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Hg60 Automatic ERW Pipe Production
US$
60,000.00
-
120,000.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
Hg95 Automatic ERW Pipe Production
US$
60,000.00
-
120,000.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
Carbon Steel Tube Making Machine/ERW Tube Mill Line
US$
60,000.00
-
120,000.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
Tube Mill/Profile Machine/ERW Pipe Machine
US$
80,000.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong Light Fir Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
ERW Hfw Welded Linepipe for Oilfield Oil and Gas Pipe
US$
10.00
-
100.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Welded Steel Pipe/Hfw/Carbon Steel Pipe/ERW
US$
850.00
-
1,300.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Oilfield Oil Gas Drilling American Petroleum Institute 5CT American Petroleum Institute 5b OCTG Oil Seamless ERW Tubing Coupling Casing Coupling
US$
10.00
-
500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Linepipe for Oil and Gas Trasport ERW Hfw
US$
10.00
-
100.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong Hongcheng Steel Co., Ltd.
5 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
China Manufacturer's Q345b Galvanized Carbon Steel Square Hollow Tube 6m EMT Pipe JIS Certification ERW Welding Included
US$
488.00
-
516.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
ERW Galvanized Steel Pipe 40X40X3mm 4X4 Inch
US$
400.00
-
510.00
2 Tons
(MOQ)
ASTM A36 A500 SAE 1006 S235 S355 Hollow Section Welded Ms ERW Black Iron Rhs Shs Rectangular Square Carbon Steel Tube Price
US$
389.00
-
406.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
ASTM A36 A500 SAE 1006 S235 S355 Hollow Section Rectangular Pipe Welded Ms ERW Black Iron Rhs Shs Carbon Steel Square Tube Price
US$
388.00
-
406.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Tianjin Xinsihai Technology Co., Ltd.
2 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Hot Sales High Quality Large Diameter Carbon Steel ERW Welded Pipes
US$
490.00
-
520.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Wholesale Custom Machinable Spiral Steel Tube ERW Technique Surface
US$
480.00
-
510.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Competitive Price GB Certified Carbon Steel Spiral Welded ERW Black Pipe
US$
520.00
-
550.00
100 Tons
(MOQ)
High-Quality ERW Round Black Carbon Steel Pipe for Construction
US$
520.00
-
550.00
100 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Dalian Times Steel Co., Ltd.
9 yrs
Send Inquiry
Dx53D+As80 6m Anti-Corrosion Aluminized Silicon Steel Pipe Tube Lightweight ERW for Automotive Exhaust Emission System Cutting
US$
739.00
-
799.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
ISO 9001 Certified ASTM A312 Standard 316L Stainless Steel Pipe High-Temperature Pressure Resistant Seamless Type 2b Bending ERW
US$
969.00
-
1,009.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Dx53D+As80 ERW 6m Lightweight Anti-Corrosion Aluminized Silicon Steel Pipe Tube for Automotive Exhaust Emission System Cutting
US$
739.00
-
799.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Fire Sprinkler System Plastic Lined Seamless Pipe - Smooth Interior Prevents Scaling, C/EPS Coatings Per UL/FM Standards
US$
609.00
-
669.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Hebei Pipeline Equipment HN Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
3PE Anticorrosive Steel Pipe Round Shape ASTM A53gr. a&B ERW Technique Welding Processing Service
US$
100.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Large Diameter Tpep Spiral Steel Pipe 3PE Inner Epoxy Powder Corrosion-Resistant 6m Municipal Welded Steel Pipes ERW Technique
US$
100.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
High Quality ERW LSAW Welded Steel Galvanized Round Pipe
US$
1.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
ERW Technique 3PE Anticorrosive Steel Pipe Production Line Carbon Steel Hot Rolled Finish Welded Steel Pipes
US$
1.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Xi'an Dongmeng Steel Co., Ltd
5.0
Send Inquiry
Hot-DIP Galvanized Rectangular Square Steel Pipe A53 A106 ERW JIS ISO9001 Certified 12m Length Standard Structural Welded
US$
350.00
-
400.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
Hot Selling ERW Sch 40 80 6m Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Tube Sizes 1/2 3/4 1 2 1.5 Inch for Walkways Apartments
US$
350.00
-
400.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Customized 12m Length ERW Carbon Steel Welded Pipe Galvanized Gi for Construction Metal Building Materials
US$
350.00
-
400.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
Wholesale ASTM A106 Sch 40 ERW Carbon Seamless Tube
US$
350.00
-
390.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Weifang Luzheng Industry & Trade Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Welded Steel Pipe LSAW ERW in En10217 En10219 P265gh S235jrh S355jrh S355j2h
US$
760.00
-
1,700.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Line Pipe Seamless Pipe Gr. B 6.4m 5.85m, Steel Pipe Oil and Gas LSAW ERW X56 X52 X46 X42 12m 11.85m
US$
760.00
-
1,700.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
ASTM A53 Gr. B Steel Pipe ERW Sch40 Sch20, ASTM A53 B Galvanized Steel Pipe for Greenhouse
US$
760.00
-
1,700.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Pipe 3 Inch 12m, Hot Dipped Galvanized ERW Pipe 4 Inch ASTM A123
US$
760.00
-
1,700.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Tianjin Hongxin International Trade Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Ms Pipe Galvanized Steel Pipe Welded Black Carbon ERW Steel Pipe Tube
US$
500.00
-
600.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Round Ms Mild Carbon Steel ERW Black Welded Oil Gas Pipe Manufacturers
US$
500.00
-
600.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Hot Sale Q235 Hot Rolled Black Square and Rectangular Tubes
US$
700.00
-
850.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
En39 Standard Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Pipe Scaffolding
US$
500.00
-
550.00
20 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
TIANJIN SHENGTENG INTERNATIONAL TRADING CO., LTD.
8 yrs
·
5.0
Send Inquiry
Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Pipe/ERW/Carbon
US$
500.00
-
550.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1" to 6" En10025 BS1387 2 Inch Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pipe Supplier BS ASTM A53 Galvanized Steel Pipe Galvanized Tube Iron Pipe ERW Price with Bundles
US$
600.00
-
750.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
BS 1387 Galvanized Steel Pipe Round Tube Pre Galvanized Hollow Section
US$
600.00
-
750.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Price of 1-1/2 Inch Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe for Wholesales
US$
600.00
-
750.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1/4
Hunan Hengan Weiye Metal Products Co., Ltd.
4 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
ASTM/BS 1387 ERW Galvanized Pipe - Round Threaded/Grooved Fittings for Water Pipeline
US$
620.00
-
650.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
ASTM A53 ERW Carbon Steel Pipe - 1/2''-12'' Od, Mild Black, API Compliant - Hot Selling for PPE Welding
US$
400.00
-
500.00
5 Tons
(MOQ)
Welded Galvanized Gi Iron Steel Pipe Price From China Factory
US$
500.00
-
600.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Fire Fighting Carbon Steel Pipes Seamless/ERW Sch 40/80 Galvanized Welded Tubes 6m Fire Protection Manufacturer
US$
500.00
-
600.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1/4
1
28
Hot Products
Steel Tube
Stainless Steel Pipe
Carbon Steel Pipe
Galvanized Steel Pipe
Seamless Steel Pipe
Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe
ERW Steel Pipe
ERW Pipe
Related Manufacturers & Supplier
China Pipe Factories
Steel Pipe Factories
Stainless Pipe Factories
Oil Pipe Factories
Stainless Steel Seamless Tube Manufacturers
Stainless Steel Tube And Pipe Manufacturers
Carbon Steel Tube Manufacturers
Gas Pipe Manufacturers