HomeSupplier Discoveryarrow-rightConstruction & Decorationarrow-rightScaffoldingarrow-rightPainted Prop Factories & Companies
Filter
Category
More
Management Certification
More
R&D Capacity
Annual Revenue
More
No.of Employees
Province & Region
More
about painted prop
  • Technological Innovation
  • Reliable Supply Chains
  • Substantial Manufacturing Capabilities

painted prop300+ factories verified

Tianjin Easy Formwork&Scaffolding Engineering Co., Ltd

Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Aluminum Formwork, Steel Formwork, Steel Frame Formwork, Plastic Formwork, Scaffolding Prop, H20 Beam, Formwork Accessories, Scaffolding
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Tianjin Easy Formwork Engineering Co., Ltd stands as a prominent and well - established player in the scaffolding and formwork manufacturing and exporting arena. With over 16 years of in - depth experience in the scaffolding industry, we have accumulated a wealth of knowledge, expertise, and a solid reputation. Our company has successfully navigated through the dynamic market landscape, continuously evolving and adapting to meet the ever - changing needs of our global clientele.

Qingdao Scaffolding Import and Export Co., Ltd.

5.0
Main Products:
Formwork, Slab Formwork, Scaffolding, Scaffold, Concrete Shoring, Wall Formwork, Column Formwork, Steel Props, Deck Formwork, Shoring
Country/Region:
Shandong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Qingdao Scaffolding Import and Export Co., Ltd., has been manufacturing scaffolding and formwork products for more than 30 years, absolutely top 1 for high quality scaffolding and formwork products amoung all Chinese and Indian suppliers.

Tianjin Easy Scaffolding Co., Ltd.

9 yrs·5.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Scaffolding Ringlock System, Scaffolding Metal Plank, Scaffolding Frame System, Scaffolding Kwikstage System, Scaffolding Cuplock System, Scaffolding Coupler, Scaffolding Accessories, Scaffolding Prop, Formwork and Accessories
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Tianjin Easy Scaffolding Co., Ltd is a scaffolding manufacturer and export company.

Hebei Derfon Building Materials Co., Ltd

8 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Scaffolding, Steel Supports, Steel platforms, Fasteners
Country/Region:
Hebei, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Hebei Derfon Building Materials Co., Ltd. is located in Anping, Hebei, the hometown of wire mesh in China. Now the registered capital is 3 million yuan, the company covers an area of 20, 000 square meters, construction area of 1800 square meters. There are 80 employees, including 8 technicians. The company has strong technical force, and its business scope is mainly steel springboard, galvanized steel pedal, scaffolding, foot pedal, building net and other building materials. In order to respond to the national steel and wood, save forest resources, and further adapt to market demand, the company has introduced foreign production technology to produce different specifications of hot-DIP galvanized steel springboard, hook pedal and other products, which are widely used in construction, shipbuilding, power installation, petrochemical, anti-corrosion engineering and other fields.  

Rizhao Weiye Tools Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Ringlock Scaffolding, Scaffolding Clamps, Formwork Accessories, Fencing and Crowd Stopper, Cuplock Scaffolding, Kwikstage Scaffolding, Haky Scaffolding, Aluminum and Steel Scaffold Planks, Scaffold Base Jacks, Shoring Props
Country/Region:
Shandong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Rizhao Weiye Tools Co., Ltd. is a leading manufacturer of system scaffoldings and accessories, forged couplers, plank, shoring props, formwork accessories, fences, ladders, frame scaffolding and other related products in Rizhao City, Shandong, China.

Tangshan Wufang Industry Co., Ltd.

8 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Ring lock scaffold system, frame scaffold system, tubes and connectors, scaffold walking boards and Staris, adjustable support props, aluminum tower, steel formwork, LVL plate, steel wire
Country/Region:
Hebei, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Tangshan Wufang Industry Co. Ltd is a leading producer in scaffolding and formwork industry. Our main products including Ringlock System, Frame System, Aluminum Tower, Shoring Props, Walking board, Staircase, Adjustbale Jacks, Tubes and Couplers / Steel Formwork, LVL Board, H20, Tie rod, Nuts etc. Qualified material and professional team bring us a good sales performance, cover a main market such as South America, West Africa, Asia and Middle East etc.

Sichuan Taishenglan Technology Co., Ltd

Main Products:
Scaffolding, Steel Prop, Scaffolding Frame, Ringlock Scaffolding, Scaffolding Coupler, Steel Plank, Formwork Tie Rod Wing Nut, Steel Formwork, Plastic Formwork
Country/Region:
Sichuan, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Sichuan Taishenglan Technology Co., Ltd since 2009 is a enterprise which integrates the manufacture and sales construction materials service and customer first as the business philosophy. Ya' An Rongtai Heavy Industry Co., Ltd. Was established in 2009, mainly engaged in the domestic building materials market, and successfully opened up the domestic market after 6 years of efforts, with sales exceeding 500 million yuan. Established a foreign trade company in 2015, began to do export trade, after 8 years of development, export sales reached 200 million yuan, at the same time in 2023 set up a subsidiary Shandong Rongze Building Materials Co., Ltd. For foreign trade exports.

Tianjin Huidefeng Steel Trading Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Solar Bracket, Solar Carport, Scaffolding, Steel Prop, Film Greenhouse
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
TIANJIN HUIDEFENG IRON & STEEL TRADING Co., Ltd. is AN ENTERPRISE DEDICATED TOTHE DESIGN OF PHOTOVOLTAIC BRACKETS, PHOTOVOLTAIC ACCESSORIES AND BRACKETSYSTEMS BY THE MAJORITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER STATION INVESTORS AND EPC GEN-ERAL CONTRACTOR. THE COMPANY'S FACTORY IS LOCATED IN JINGHAI ECONOMIC ANDTECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE, TIANJIN, COVERING AN AREA OF 5, 000 SQUAREMETERS AND A WORKSHOP AREA OF 3, 000 SQUARE METERS. IT HAS A WHOLE MODERN FUL-LY-AUTOMATED PRODUCTION LINE WITH LABOR-SAVING TECHNOLOGY, WITH A MONTHLYPRODUCTION CAPACITY OF 150 MW.

Shanghai Scacon Construction Technology Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Shoring Prop, Shoring Tower, Scaffold, Formwork Platform
Country/Region:
Shanghai, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
SCACON is dedicated to being a leading expert in manufacturing formwork and scaffold engineering equipment. We deliver high-quality products and professional services to global construction clients. Since 2010, our products have been exported to over 20 countries and regions, including Europe, Australia, Japan and Southeast Asia. Backed by years of development experience, we boast a complete, standardized formwork steel support production line and a scientific quality management system, with an annual output of over 200, 000 pieces.

Bythai Scaffolding Co.,Ltd.

Main Products:
Scaffolding Tubes, Ringlock System, Steel Planks, Coupler, Steel Prop, Frame System, Scaffolding Screw Jack, Ladder, Aluminum Product, Scaffolding
Country/Region:
Hunan, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Bythai Scaffolding Co., Ltd is a leading enterprise specializing in the production, sales, research, and development of high-quality scaffolding systems and accessories. Our headquarters are strategically located in Huanghua Town, Changsha City, allowing us to tap into a wealth of industry expertise and experience. Our dedicated team comprises seasoned professionals and technical experts, all with extensive experience in scaffolding. With many years of hands-on involvement in engineering site visits and industry exchanges, we are well-equipped to offer our customers comprehensive scaffolding consultation and tailored program recommendations.

Tianjin Tianyingtai Steel Pipe Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Galvanized Pipe, Scaffolding Shoring Props, ERW Welded Steel Pipe, Black Square Tube, Hollow Section, API Pipe, Angle Steel, Galvanized Sheet/Plate, Channel Steel, Beam
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Tianjin TianYingTai(TYT) Steel Pipe Co., Ltd is located in Jinghai, Tianjin, which is professionally engaged in steel production sales, steel processing, greenhouse engineering with accessories and export business. It has been experienced for 18 years so far. We have 13 production lines for various kinds of steel pipe, 10 processing production lines and 2 environmental production hot-dipped galvanizing lines. We not only can produce 450, 000 tons of various sizes of pre-galvanized steel pipe, but also can produce deep processing pipe with 100, 000 tons. Our annual production capacity of hot dipped galvanized steel pipe is 200, 000 tons, capacity of greenhouse engineering material is 250, 000 tons and highway column and guardrail is 200, 000 tons.

Tianjin Hengfengjinda Metal Structure Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Steel Prop Formwork System Scaffolding, Scaffold Farme Push-Pull Prop Tripod, Ford Head Steel Tubes Steel Prop Accessories, Scaffolding Accessories
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Our company was established in April 2008 and located in the Jinghai economic & development zone Jinghai county Tianjin city, China, covers an area of 15, 000 square meters, with a building area of 5, 000 square meters. The number of staff is about 200 employees, including 10 technicians.

TIANJIN ZHIYI METAL PRODUCTS CO., LTD

Main Products:
Steel Prop, Scaffolding, Steel Plank, Steel Formwork, PPGI, Base Jack, Steel Pipe, LVL Plank, Plywood, Scaffolding Coupler
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Tianjin Zhiyi Metal Products Co. Ltd was founded in 2002, which holds ten million RMB registered capital. Our company is located in Tianjin, a port city in northern China, and its covers an area of 27000 square meter. Our company was specialized in the design and manufacture of metal products. The products of our factory have always been wildly recognized by both abroad and domestic customers in the past ten years. In the year 2008, our company was officially designated as the main supplier of assistant project by Tianjin government. And our products that were exported to west Asia and South American was wildly popular among our customers.

Tianjin Tiantai Formwork & Scaffolding Co., Ltd.

8 yrs
·Trading Company
Main Products:
Building metal fittings
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Tianjin Tiantai Formwork&Scaffolding Co., Ltd. (referred to as Tiantai Formwork) is a national high-tech enterprise deeply engaged in the field of green building formwork. It was established in 2018 and is headquartered in Hedong District, Tianjin. The company has an independent production base located in Tangshan, Hebei Province, covering an area of 300000 square meters. It currently has more than 120 employees and focuses on the research and development, production, sales, and service of formwork products. With innovative technology, it empowers the high-quality development of the construction industry and is committed to becoming a leading comprehensive solution service provider for large-scale green building formwork at home and abroad.

Hebei Haihong Construction Equipment Co., Ltd

6 yrs·5.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Steel Support, Steel Prop, Scaffolding, Scaffolding Clamp, Jack Base, Formwork Spring Clamp
Country/Region:
Hebei, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Hebei Haihong construction equipment Co., Ltd specializes in producing steel supports, scaffolding and spring clamp for more than 10 years. These products are sell to all over the world. The company is located at No. 9, xingye street, xibacetun village, hecheng street, xian county, cangzhou city, hebei province. It enjoys a superior geographical location. The factory covers an area of 10000 square meters, with an annual production capacity of over 15, 000 tons and has exported to many countries.

Jiangsu Lianggong Construction Formwork Co., Ltd.

17 yrs·5.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Steel Frame Formwork, Aluminum Frame Formwork, Plastic Formwork, H20 Timber Beam Formwork, Trench Box, Tunnel Formwork, Steel Formwork, Table Formwork, Formwork, Slab Formwork
Country/Region:
Jiangsu, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
As a leader in China's formwork and scaffolding sector, Lianggong Formwork Co., Ltd. Has built an outstanding reputation since its establishment in 2010. Headquartered in Nanjing's thriving industrial district with a 6, 000 square meter production base in Yancheng, the company combines cutting-edge manufacturing capabilities with deep engineering expertise. Over the past 14 years, Lianggong has grown from a local supplier to an internationally recognized brand, serving over 500 construction projects across 30 countries.

YANCHENG LIANGGONG FORMWORK CO., LTD.

16 yrs·5.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Construction Formwork (Trench Box, Plastic Formwork, H20 Timber Beam Formwork, Steel Frame Formwork, Aluminium Frame Formwork, Climbing Formwork, T-Form for Slab Construction, Tunnel Formwork)
Country/Region:
Jiangsu, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Lianggong Formwork Co., Ltd. is one of the leading formwork and scaffolding companies headquartered in Nanjing City, China, with its factories located in Jianhu Economic Development Zone of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. As a well-established company in construction formwork field, Lianggong has been devoted itself and specialized in formwork and scaffolding research, development, manufacturing, and labor service.

TIANJIN FRIEND STEEL TUBE CO., LTD.

18 yrs·4.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Steel pipe and scaffold
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Tianjin Friend Steel Group with "TFCO" Brand has 5 subsidiary compainies include Tianjin Friend Steel Pipe Co., Ltd. Tianjin Steel Galvanization Co., Ltd. Tianjin Friend Metal Material Co., Ltd. Tianjin Friend Import&Export Co., Ltd. Tianjin Steel Import&Export Co., Ltd. Built in 1999 with registered capital of RMB 30 million, we have an annual production capacity of 400, 000 MT and exporting quatity of 60, 000MT.

Linyi Consmos Wood Industry Co., Ltd.

10 yrs·5.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Full Birch Plywood, Film Faced Plywood, OSB, MDF, Commercial Plywood
Country/Region:
Shandong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Linyi Consmos Wood Group is a wood-based panel products company serving the industrial and building materials markets. The company is specialized in producing OSB board, QSB board, film faced plywood, commercial plywood and other wooden board as building materials and decorative materials. Our main market is Middle East, Africa, Central Asia, Russia, U. S. And Southeast Asia etc.

Tianjin Youfa International Trade Co., Ltd.

14 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Carbon Steel Pipe, Galvanized Steel Pipe, Stainless Steel Pipe, Scaffolding, Pipe Fitting
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Tianjin Youfa International Trade Co., Ltd. is the subsidiary of Tianjin Youfa Group. As one of the windows for international business, we mainly focus on exploring overseas markets as well as developing and offering service for major domestic clients. Tianjin Youfa Group is a comprehensive steel-based enterprise, the business includes steel-making, steel strip, straight seam welded pipe, galvanized pipe, rectangular pipe, spiral pipe, plastic inner-lined pipe, seamless pipe, covered electrode, so on and so forth. The annual integrate production capacity amounts to 7.5 million tons. Since 2006, we have been one of the leading corporations in Chinese Top-500. What is more, Youfa Group is the largest straight-seam welded pipe manufacturer in China. In 2008, "YouFa" Brand was regarded as the "Well-known Chinese Trademark" by Trademark Office State Administration for Industry &Commerce of the People's Republic of China. Meanwhile, we are the first-class supplier for CNPC, Sinopec and some big relevant companies. So as to adapt to the overall-developing strategy, at the beginning of 2010, YouFa Group and its subsidiaries founded SIANO(Beijing) Steel Co., Ltd, which is responsible for the import &export business, building business contact with some influential companies and providing the after-sale service for our customers.

Rizhao Fast & Fasten Scaffold Co., Ltd.

17 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Scaffolding, Scaffold, Scaffolding Coupler, Scaffold Coupler, Ringlock Scaffolding, Cuplock Scffolding, Frame Systrem Scaffolding, Scaffold Accessories, Formworks, Shoring Props
Country/Region:
Shandong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Rizhao Fast and Fasten Scaffold Co., Ltd. Was established in 2004. We are located in Rizhao City nearby seaport of Qingdao.

Shandong Shlomi Machinery Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Formwork Accessories, Scaffolding Accessories, Shoring Prop/Steel Prop, Ringlock Scaffolding, Kwikstage Scaffolding, Frame Scaffolding, Swivel Nut/Wing Nut/Anchor Nut, Formwork Steel Clamp, Scaffolding Coupler, Push Pull Prop
Country/Region:
Shandong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Shlomi Machinery was founded in China in 2008. It starts as a small factory for casting and welding. Thanks to all of our customers and experienced technical team hardworking, Today, it is a large and professional international company focus on the steel prop, formwork & Scaffolding accessories, which are widely used in residential & Commercial buildings, fly-over roads, bridges, tanks, dams and other civil engineering projects.

Hebei Taihe Construction Equipment Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Steel Prop, Scaffolding, Steel Formwork, Lock Pin, Joint Pin, Jack Base
Country/Region:
Hebei, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Since our establishment in 2011, Hebei Taihe has been a trusted name in metal manufacturing. Strategically headquartered in Cangzhou-adjacent to Tianjin Port-we leverage superior logistical advantages to ensure rapid delivery to construction sites worldwide.

Zhengzhou Songmao Building Materials Co., Ltd.

13 yrs·5.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Plastic Formwork, Frame Formwork, Steel Prop, Mobile Frame Scaffolding, Electric Lifting Scaffold
Country/Region:
Henan, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Zhengzhou Songmao Building Materials, founded in 2012, specializes in the research, development, production, and sales of formwork systems, scaffolding systems, and building accessories.  

Shandong Prima Construction Formwork Co., Ltd.

5.0
Main Products:
Concrete Formwork System, Scaffold Systems, Formwork Accessories, Props/Shoring Systems, Aluminum Scaffold, Scaffold Jacks, Scaffolding Coupler/Clamps, Fences/Barriers, Scaffold Tools
Country/Region:
Shandong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Shandong Prima Construction Formwork Co., Ltd. is the biggest manufacturer and supplier of scaffolding and formwork systems in China. We have the advanced forging, casting, punching, welding, colding forming and surface treatment lines in workshops.

Fuzhou Guangyitong Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.

7 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Construction Hoist, Building Hoist, Adjust Prop, Steel Prop, Tower Crane, Scaffolding, Scaffolding System
Country/Region:
Fujian, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Guangyitong Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd is located in national pilot Free Trade Zone in Fuzhou, China. It is a comprehensive company, integrating design, production, sales and leasing. As a professional manufacturer of construction elevators for more than 20 years, it covers an area of nearly 20000 square meters. The production workshops covers 19, 980 square meters. The company has more than 80 employees, 28 engineering technical personnels, including 15 technicians with intermediate and senior titles. The company's product quality is stable, cost-effective, applicability, high-quality after-sales service, has won a wide range of reputation and has become one high-quality supplier of a number of well-known construction companies such as MCC, CRCC, CREC, CSCEC in China and some companies in South America, South Asia and Europ. In the new coming journey, our company will take "creating high-quality machinery, creating a great enterprise brand "as our goal, advocating the culture of of quality management in the whole process of production line of high-quality machinery. We are looking forward to your sincere cooperation to create a new starting point of wealth.

Kitsen Technologies Co., Ltd.

17 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Ringlock Scaffolding, Formwork, Aluminum Scaffolding, Self Climbing Platform, Concrete Formwork
Country/Region:
Guangdong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
KITSEN Formwork and Scaffolding Technology Co., Ltd. is specialized in R&D and manufacturing high quality formwork and scaffolding systems. KITSEN is located in Yangjiang, Guangdong, China, with a total area of 180, 000, including the plant area of 120, 000. Our major products include aluminum formwork, decking formwork, ring-lock scaffolding, aluminum scaffolding tower, folding mobile scaffolding, frame scaffolding, construction shoring system, self-climbing scaffolding system and so on.

Jizhutong International Trade (Hebei) Co., Ltd

2 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
scaffold
Country/Region:
Hebei, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Different kinds of products are available in our company. We're pleased to get your Inquiry and we will reply you as soon as possible. We stick to the principle of "quality first, service first, continuous improvement and innovation to meet the customers" for the management and "zero defect, zero complaints" as the quality objective.  

Cangzhou Hanyue International Trade Co., LTD

Main Products:
Scaffolding Prop, Frame Scaffolding, Ringlock Scaffolding, Scaffolding Coupler, Formwork Tie Rod Wing Nut, Steel Plank, Plastic / Steel Formwork, Screw Base Jack, Ungrouped, Steel Tread/Steel Grating
Country/Region:
Hebei, China
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Cangzhou Xinyue metal products Co., Ltd., was established in 2016-01-27, registered capital of 1 million yuan, enterprise address is located in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, paper room bridge village, the industry for metal products, business scope includes: Ductile casting, hardware, scaffolding parts processing, sales, goods and technology import and export business (subject to be approved according to law, approved by the relevant departments can carry out business activities)

Di Ao International Trade (Tianjin) Co.,Ltd.

Main Products:
Smart Watch, LED Street Light, LED Flood Light, LED High Bay Light, Solar Light, Steel Wire, Chemical Materials, Plasitc Household Products, Military Boots
Country/Region:
Tianjin, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Di Ao International Trade (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. is the subsidiary company of DL Industry Group. It is the main export window of the group. DL Industry Group is a professional comprehensive group company which built in 1989. It is combined with LED Light(dl-group. En. Made-in-China. com), scaffolding and metal (dl-group. En. Made-in-China. com), Paper (dl-group. En. Made-in-China. com), smart watch, chemical, plastic, and Di Ao trading.