Home
Supplier Discovery
Manufacturing & Processing Machinery
Sand Casting
Resin Fitting Factories & Companies
Filter
Category
Chemicals
Construction & Decoration
Electrical & Electronics
Light Industry & Daily Use
Manufacturing & Processing Machinery
More
Management Certification
ISO9001:2008
Others
ISO9001:2015
ISO14001:2015
ISO45001:2016
More
R&D Capacity
OEM
ODM
Own Brand
Others
Annual Revenue
<1 Million USD
1 ~ 2.5 Million USD
2.5 ~ 5 Million USD
5 ~ 10 Million USD
10 ~ 50 Million USD
More
No.of Employees
Less than 5 People
5-50 People
51-200 People
201-500 People
501-1000 People
More
Province & Region
Anhui
Beijing
Chongqing
Fujian
Guangdong
More
about resin fitting
Technological Innovation
Reliable Supply Chains
Substantial Manufacturing Capabilities
resin fitting
1,000+ factories verified
NINGBO INTELL PNEUMATIC TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Clean Room Pipe Resin Material One Touch Tube Air Fittings for Food Manufacturing
US$
1.50
-
2.50
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
Resin Material PC Type Straight Thread Air Fittings for Clean Medical Machinery
US$
1.50
-
2.50
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
Resin Material Tee Thread Air Fittings for Clean Room Semiconductor Industry
US$
1.50
-
3.00
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
Resin Material Elbow Excellent Chemical Resistance Fitting for Petrochemical Industry
US$
2.00
-
2.50
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Shanxi Snoer Casting Co., Ltd
4 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Leak-Proof Epoxy Resin External Coating Blind Flange Ductile Iron Push-Fit Pipe Fittings
US$
750.00
-
1,000.00
5 Pieces
(MOQ)
Flow Optimization Epoxy Resin Internal Coating Four-Way Pneumatic Ductile Iron Pipe Fittings
US$
750.00
-
1,000.00
5 Pieces
(MOQ)
Anti-Rust Epoxy Resin Internal Coating Ductile Iron Pipe Fittings Socket-and-Spigot Reducer
US$
750.00
-
1,000.00
5 Pieces
(MOQ)
Climate Proof Double Socket 90degree Elbow Oilfield Ductile Iron Pipe Fittings
US$
750.00
-
1,000.00
5 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Ningbo Yinzhou Pehel Machinery Co., Ltd.
18 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
51611 Butter Nozzle Resin Tube One Piece Hydraulic Hose Fitting
US$
0.10
300 Pieces
(MOQ)
Straight Grease Nipple Resin Tube One-Piece Hose Fitting
US$
0.50
300 Pieces
(MOQ)
OEM Manufactured One Piece Grease Fitting for Resin Pipe
US$
1.00
-
3.50
200 Pieces
(MOQ)
Integrated Resin Hose Connector with Grease Nipple One Piece Fittings
US$
1.26
300 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Yuhuan Kaitian Hydraulic Lubrication Equipment Co., Ltd.
20 yrs
·
5.0
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Used on Lubrication System Piping High Pressure Resin Tube Connection Fittings Straight-Through Grease Lines High Pressure Resin Tube Connection Fittings
US$
0.80
-
1.00
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
Used on Lubricating Grease Lines High Pressure Resin Tube Connection Fittings 90° High Pressure Resin Tubing High Pressure Resin Tube Connection Fittings
US$
0.80
-
1.00
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
Apply to Lubrication System Piping Hose Connectors Straight-Through Lubrication System Accessories High Pressure Resin Tube Connection Fittings
US$
0.80
-
1.00
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
Used on Grease Lines Hose Connectors 45° Lubrication System Piping High Pressure Resin Tube Connection Fittings
US$
0.80
-
1.00
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Taizhou Zhuoxin Plastics Co., Ltd.
19 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
ASTM D2846 Schedule 40 CPVC Resin Pipe Fittings for Water Supply Elbow Fitting for Polyvinyl Chloride Polyvinyl Chloride
US$
150.00
-
200.00
10 Boxes
(MOQ)
Green Environmental Protection, Factory Wholesale, Affordable Price ASTM D2846 Schedule 40 Water Supply Resin Pipe CPVC Fittings
US$
0.025
3,000 Pieces
(MOQ)
CPVC Resin CPVC Solvent Cement UPVC CPVC Pipes
US$
0.029
-
0.45
5 Boxes
(MOQ)
ASTM D2846 CPVC Pipe Resin Coupling / Coupler Schedule 40 for Supply Water
US$
150.00
-
200.00
10 Boxes
(MOQ)
1/4
Zhejiang Lanyi New Material Technology Co., Ltd
5.0
Send Inquiry
Factory Cheap Price Ultra-Pure Chemical Delivery Wholesale Resin Circulation System PTFE Union Joint Fitting
US$
0.10
-
9.99
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Hot Sale Resin Circulation System Wholesale Aseptic Joint Fitting
US$
0.10
-
9.99
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Factory Direct Sales Resin Circulation System Chemical Processing PTFE Male Thread Fitting Joint
US$
0.10
-
9.99
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Factory Cheap Price Resin Circulation System PTFE Tee Fitting Joint
US$
0.10
-
9.99
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Hebei Yingnai Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd
7 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Fiberglass Coupling Fittings, Epoxy Resin Pipe Fittings, Gre FRP GRP Elbow
US$
100.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Reinforced Fiberglass FRP Plastic Pipe Fittings Commercial Tube Connector Basement Construction Smooth Finish Moulding Included
US$
100.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
FRP GRP Round Tube 135/45 Degree Parapet Fittings, Glassfiber Fiberglass Connectors
US$
100.00
1 Meter
(MOQ)
Customized FRP SMC Pipe Tube Connector 3 Way Elbow Pipe Fitting GRP Handrail System Connector
US$
100.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
DINGGIN HARDWARE(DALIAN) CO., LTD.
15 yrs
·
5.0
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Sml Cast Iron Soil Pipes Fittings En877 Epoxy Resin Coating
US$
1,400.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Epoxy Resin Paints En877 Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings Manufacturing
US$
900.00
-
1,100.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
En877 Cast Iron Pipe and Fittings Resin Coating
US$
880.00
-
900.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
En877 Cast Iron Reducer Fittings
US$
900.00
-
1,100.00
25 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Zhejiang Rongping Building Materials Technology Co., Ltd.
11 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Half Round Clear PVC Rainwater Roof System Downspout Resin Gutter Fittings
US$
1.10
-
1.50
100 Meters
(MOQ)
Wholesale Vinyl Downspout Fittings
US$
0.20
-
0.30
10 Pieces
(MOQ)
Philippines 5.2/7 Inch Color Aluminum Rain Gutter and Fittings for Roof Drain
US$
1.20
-
2.00
100 Meters
(MOQ)
UV-Resistant Roof Product K-Style Plastic Resin Gutter Downspout White Vinyl Rainwater Collector
US$
1.28
-
1.50
100 Meters
(MOQ)
1/4
Qingdao Restart New Material Technology Co., Ltd
5 yrs
·
5.0
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
High Pressure Resin Grease Line Tubing and Fittings
US$
1.80
-
2.80
500 Meters
(MOQ)
4*8.6mm High Pressure Flexible Lubricating Oil with Lubrication Tube Connector Brass Quick Fitting
US$
1.80
-
2.50
500 Meters
(MOQ)
4*8.6mm High Pressure Resin Grease Line Tubing
US$
1.80
-
2.60
500 Meters
(MOQ)
4*8.6mm High Pressure Resin Grease Pump Hose
US$
1.50
-
2.60
500 Meters
(MOQ)
1/4
SYI Industrial Co., Ltd.
27 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
40 Bar Ductile Iron Epoxy Resin Painting Mechanical Joint Fittings
US$
10.00
-
20.00
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
Factory Price Factory ISO2531 En545 En598 Di Elbow Tee Corss Fitting Ductile Iron Cast Iron Flanged Pipe Fittings
US$
900.00
-
1,200.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Pipeline Product Factory ISO2531/En545/En598 Fbe Coated Dci Ductile Iron Pipe Fitting for PE Pipe
US$
900.00
-
1,200.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Syi High Quality Reducer Carbon Steel Butt-Welded Elbow Black CS Pipe Fitting
US$
5.00
-
9.00
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Gaomi Shouzheng Electrical Meterials Co.,Ltd
10 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Epoxy Resin Glassfiber Insulator Fitting for Industrial Applications
US$
1.00
-
5.00
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Manufacturer Custom Epoxy Resin Insulation Fitting Glass Fiber Rod Insulation Rod
US$
1.40
-
2.50
100 kg
(MOQ)
Manufacturer Provide Durable Electrical Epoxy Resin Insulation Rod Insulation Fitting
US$
1.40
-
2.50
100 kg
(MOQ)
Solid Epoxy Resin Insulation Core Rod Insulated Rod for Electrical Power Industry Equipment
US$
1.40
-
2.50
100 kg
(MOQ)
Luohe Letone Hydraulics Technology Co., Ltd.
23 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Resin Hose Holder Sale Southeast Asia Braided Hose Fitting Install
US$
0.90
-
12.60
100 Meters
(MOQ)
High Temperature Steam Pipe Anchor Best Price Southeast Asia Tube Light Chemical
US$
0.90
-
12.60
100 Meters
(MOQ)
Steel Wire Braided Double Resin Hose Aeroquip Thermoplastic Hose What Is a Thermoplastic Hose What Are Thermoplastic Give Example
US$
0.50
-
8.90
100 Meters
(MOQ)
Steel Wire Braided High Pressure Resin Hose Manufacturer Wire Hose Whole Sale Rubber Hose One or Two Layers of Steel Wire Braid
US$
0.50
-
8.90
100 Meters
(MOQ)
1/4
Hengshui Xinyi Composite Materials Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Seamless Durable Reducer Easy Installation Fiberglass Coupling FRP Pipe Fittings
US$
15.00
-
220.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Corrosion Resistant High Temperature Fiberglass FRP Pipe Fittings
US$
15.00
-
220.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Durable Long Lifespan Fiberglass Manway FRP Pipe Fittings
US$
15.00
-
220.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Various Types Custom Fiberglass Tee FRP Pipe Fittings
US$
15.00
-
220.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong Weifang Import and Export Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Rigid or Flexible Couplings/Reducing Tee/Mechanical Tee/Elbow/Cross/Flange/Reducer/Cap/Grooved Pipe Fittings Grooved Couplings and Fittings for Fire Protection
US$
1.10
-
1.20
200 Pieces
(MOQ)
Fire Pipe Fittings
US$
1.10
-
1.20
200 Pieces
(MOQ)
Grooved Couplings and Fittings
US$
1.10
-
1.20
200 Pieces
(MOQ)
Grooved Fitting
US$
1.10
-
1.20
200 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Chongqing Huigong Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
15 yrs
·
5.0
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Enhance Compressive and Tensile Strength Safe and Reliable Connection Rebar Splicer Rebar Fittings
US$
0.09
-
0.60
1,000 Pieces
(MOQ)
Energy Saving Omni-Directional Connection Rebar Joiner Rebar Fittings Rebar Sleeve
US$
0.09
-
0.60
1,000 Pieces
(MOQ)
Convenient and Fast Operation Rebar Connector Rebar Joiner Rebar Fittings
US$
0.09
-
0.60
1,000 Pieces
(MOQ)
First Grade Joint Performance Energy Saving Rebar Joiner Rebar Splicer Rebar Fittings
US$
0.09
-
0.60
1,000 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Qingdao Chifine Machinery Co., Ltd.
5.0
Send Inquiry
Metal Processing Foundry Grey/Ductile Iron Casting Pipe Fitting
US$
0.10
-
10.00
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings Manufacturer
US$
0.10
-
10.00
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
ISO1161 Metal Casting Spare Parts Container Corner Fitting
US$
0.10
-
10.00
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
OEM Cast Iron Pipe Fitting by Casting
US$
0.10
-
10.00
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Fluid Tech Piping Systems (Tianjin) Co., Ltd
8 yrs
·
5.0
Send Inquiry
FM/UL Certificated Carbon Steel M Type Press-Fit Plumbing Pipe Fitting with Thread End Coupling for Fire Fighting
US$
2.13
-
2.15
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Hot Selling Product OEM Threading Tee Ep Press Fittings Carbon Steel Cstb for Firefighting
US$
2.13
-
2.15
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Carbon Steel FM/UL Listed M-Profile Press Fittings Press X Fpt Connection Type Female Threaded Cross for Fire Fighting System
US$
2.13
-
2.15
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
High Quality Press Fitting Mechanical Cross with Press Ends with FM/UL Certificate for Fire Fighting System
US$
2.13
-
2.15
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong Baotai Metal Materials Group Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Slip on Flange Coupling Ductile Iron Grooved Pipe Flange Fire Pipe Fittings Ductile Iron Pipe Professional Ductile Cast Iron Pipes and Fitting
US$
200.00
-
300.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Fire Fighting Pipe Fittings Ductile Iron Grooved Pipe Fitting Elbow Tee Reducer Coupling Flanges Spigot K9 Ductile Iron Pipe Fittings
US$
200.00
-
300.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Ocket Reducing Elbow Gi Plumbing Material Galvanized Tee Reducer Pipe Fitting En545 En598 ISO2531 Ductile Iron Pipe Fitting Cast Iron Flanged Pipe Fittings
US$
200.00
-
300.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
Custom Flanged Pipe Fittings Cast Ductile Iron All Flange Tee Bends Reducer Elbow Cap for Industry Water Oil Gas ISO2531 En545 En598 All Flanged Tee
US$
200.00
-
300.00
10 Tons
(MOQ)
1/4
Gaomishi Jiangsheng Metal Products Co.,Ltd
11 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Pole Line Clevis Socket Cap for Ceramic Glass Disc Insulator End Fittings
US$
1.30
-
1.50
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Ductile Casting Overhead Line Fittings for Electrical Connections and Securing
US$
1.30
-
1.50
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Ductile Casting Utility Pole Mounting Bracket Overhead Line Fittings
US$
1.30
-
1.50
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Precision Cast Iron Machinery Parts Resin Ductile Iron Casting Pole Line Fittings
US$
0.80
-
1.80
100 kg
(MOQ)
1/4
Qingdao Zhengrong Precision Machinery Co., Ltd.
20 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Customized Elbow Male Thread Hydraulic Fitting Adapter Hex Hydraulic Compression Elbow Fitting
US$
1.00
-
10.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
OEM CNC Machining Highly Polished Hydraulic Fitting for Pipe Equipment
US$
1.00
-
10.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
High Precision Metal Machining Parts CNC Milling Valve Pipe Fittings for Pipe System
US$
1.00
-
10.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
CNC Service Precision Motorcycle Bicycle Part CNC Machining Part
US$
1.00
-
10.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Zhejiang Yufeng Pneumatic Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
T-Type Three-Way Quick-Change Pneumatic Connector/ Fittings Kjy03/Kjy04/Kjy06/Kjy23-M3/M5/M5/01s
US$
0.20
-
1.20
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Tube Vacuum Generator Zh05ds/Zh07ds/Zh10ds-06-06-06-08 Dl Negative Pressure Generator SMC Type Pneumatic Fittings
US$
1.00
-
9.62
1 Piece
(MOQ)
SMC Style Kjy Series Mini Type Pneumatic Fittings
US$
0.30
-
1.80
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Silencer an Resin Silencer An10-01/20-02/30-03/40-04 Pneumatic Connector
US$
0.50
-
0.60
10 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Qingdao Donrex Co., Ltd.
20 yrs
·
5.0
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Electric Power Fitting with Hot DIP Zinc Coating Surface
Negotiable
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
Hot DIP Zinc Galvanized Flange Power Fitting
Negotiable
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
Iron Polymer Insulator Part Coated with Hot DIP Zinc
Negotiable
50 Pieces
(MOQ)
High Temperature Resistant Cast Iron Flame Distributor & Stove Fittings
US$
1.00
-
5.00
500 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Qingdao Chengenxin Industry and Trade Co., Ltd.
10 yrs
·
5.0
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Customized Gray Cast Iron/Ht250/Ht300 Green Sand Casting Electroplated Pipe Fitting
US$
0.10
-
4.99
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
ISO9001 OEM Nodular Cast Iron/Qt500/Qt600 Green Sand Casting Pickled Pipe Fitting
US$
0.10
-
4.99
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
ISO9001 Gray Cast Iron/Ht200/Ht250 Resin Sand Casting Powder Coated Pipe End Cap
US$
0.10
-
4.99
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Nodular Cast Iron/Qt600/Qt700 Resin Sand Casting Galvanized Excavator Bucket Quick Coupler
US$
0.10
-
4.99
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Jiangsu Shengrong High End Equipment Manufacturing Industry Co., Ltd
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Ductile Iron Black 1 Pipe Floor Flanged Fittings
US$
1,000.00
-
1,200.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Drain Pipe Fittings in Ductile Iron for Civil Infrastructure
US$
1,000.00
-
1,200.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Nodular Cast Iron Fittings for Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems
US$
1,000.00
-
1,200.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
Cast Iron and Steel Fittings for Water and Gas Pipelines
US$
1,000.00
-
1,200.00
1 Ton
(MOQ)
1/4
Sino Industry and Trade Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Factory Hot Sale Thread Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings of Manufacturer OEM Elbow Tee Nipple Union
US$
2.00
-
5.00
300 Pieces
(MOQ)
CNC Machined High Quality Cast Ductile/Gray Iron Sand Casting Parts Pipe Fittings Manufacturer
US$
2.00
-
5.00
300 Pieces
(MOQ)
Ductile Iron Pipe Fittings for Sand Casting Foundry Factory
US$
2.00
-
5.00
300 Pieces
(MOQ)
Factory OEM Pipe Fittings with Ductile and Gray Iron Sand Mold Shot Blasting
US$
2.00
-
5.00
300 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Qingdao Seger Industrial Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Custom Tee Forged Brass Hot Forged Valve Compressor Fittings
US$
5.45
-
5.60
200 Pieces
(MOQ)
Lost Wax Casting Precision Casting CNC Machining Casting Pipe Fitting
US$
3.20
-
3.40
200 Pieces
(MOQ)
OEM High Precision Investment Casting Cast Pipe and Tube Stainless Steel Fitting
US$
3.40
-
3.80
200 Pieces
(MOQ)
S. S316 S. S304 Investmnet Casting Stainless Steel Camlock Fittings
US$
4.80
-
5.10
200 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Ruici Metal Product (Dalian) Co., Ltd
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Machinery Sand Castings Valve Body Investment Die Steel Processing Fire Pipe Fittings
US$
11.40
-
28.50
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Grey Iron Qt450-10 Ductile Iron Sand Casting Flange
US$
7.58
-
8.89
2 Pieces
(MOQ)
Fire Fighting Ductile Iron Groove Flange Iron Pipe Fittings Casting Flange
US$
7.58
-
8.89
2 Pieces
(MOQ)
Custom Welding Neck Flange Stainless Steel 304/316 Carbon Steel Casting Flange
US$
7.58
-
8.89
2 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
POWER SAINTS LTD.
22 yrs
·
5.0
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Grooved End 90° Elbow Fitting 2” , 2 1.2”
US$
2.10
-
2.30
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
High-Quality 3-Inch Grooved Elbow for Fire Protection Solutions
US$
2.10
-
2.30
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Standard Iron Grooved Rigid Pipe Coupling Plumbing 1-1/2"-10
US$
1.30
-
1.70
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Fire Protection Fittings - 3" Grooved 90 Degree Elbow
US$
2.10
-
2.30
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
Anqing Homewell Wood Co., Ltd
6 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Motion Sensor LED Night Lamp Fixture Automatic Bathroom Sterilize Fitting
US$
79.00
-
89.00
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Auto Flushing Bathroom Accessories Instant Heating Intelligent Toilet Seat Cover
US$
79.00
-
89.00
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
High Quality Sanitary Ware Toilet Seat Slow Closing Quick Release Bidet Toilet Lid Cover
US$
5.20
-
5.60
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
Sanitary Ware Bathroom Automatic Soft Close Corrosion Resistant Toilet Seat Cover
US$
79.00
-
89.00
100 Pieces
(MOQ)
1/4
1
64
Hot Products
China FRP
Chemical Resin
Coating Grade
Chemical Auxiliary
Plastic Additives
PVC Resin
Plastic Pellet
China Grp
Related Manufacturers & Supplier
PVC Compound Factories
China Fitting Factories
Petroleum Resin/hydrocarbon Resin/resin Factories
Petroleum Resin/hydrocarbon Resin Factories
Pvc Resin Pipe Fitting Manufacturers
Frp Pipes Manufacturers
Grp Pipe Manufacturers
Pvc Lubricant Manufacturers