HomeSupplier Discoveryarrow-rightPackaging & Printingarrow-rightWrapping Machinearrow-rightSheet Wrapping Machine Factories & Companies
Filter
Category
More
Management Certification
More
R&D Capacity
Annual Revenue
More
No.of Employees
More
Province & Region
More
about sheet wrapping machine
  • Technological Innovation
  • Reliable Supply Chains
  • Substantial Manufacturing Capabilities

sheet wrapping machine2,000+ factories verified

Zhejiang Pinbo Plastic Machinery Co., Ltd.

24 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Recycling Machine, Stretch Film Making Machine, Gearbox, Screen Changer, Screw Barrel, Plastic Extruder Machine, Crusher Machine, Plastic Waste Recycling Machine, Speed Reducer, Plastic Granulator
Country/Region:
Zhejiang, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Zhejiang pinbo plastic machinery Co., Ltd is specialized in making Stretch film machine, recycling machine, screw barrel, filter, mold, gearbox and extruder machines. Forrmer name is Ruian yumin machine screw Co., Ltd since 1988 with brand name PYM. During the past 3 decades, it has become the biggest supplier of main parts of plastic machines in Ruian city, covering the land over 13000 cube meters. Its hot sell products are various kinds of screw barrel for film blow machine and recycling machine, PP woven bags, extruder machines and injection machine. It is equipped with professional machines and equipment, like FANUK series CNC computer-controlled machines, depth hole drilling machine in 18000 mm length, nitriding ovens in 8000mm depth. It does nitriding treatment for 7 days and nights, which greatly ensure the hardness of products. Its products are welcome a lot with clients and friends all over the world. With its large-scale production, it continuously improve the quality assurance system and impleme

Wenzhou Honco Machinery Co., Ltd

Main Products:
Roll to Sheet Cutting Machine, Slitter Rewinder, Film Laminating Machine, Varnishing Machine, A4/A3 Copy Paper Cutting Machine, Paper Slitting Machine, Paper Sheeter Machine, Auto Laminating Machine, Film Slitting Machine, Roll to Roll Slitting Machine
Country/Region:
Zhejiang, China
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Honco Machinery Co., Ltd. is located in Wanquan Town, Pingyang County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province. It is an intelligent equipment professional manufacturing enterprise that involves R&D, production, and marketing. We are specialized in manufacturing roll-to-roll slitting machinery and roll-to-sheet cutting machinery. They are widely used in the paper converting industry, printing industry, and packaging industry.

Ruian Mingfeng Machinery Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Film Blowing Machine, Bag Making Machine, Glove Making Machine, Slitting and Rewinding Machine, Flexo Printing Machine, Plastic Recycling Machine, Paper Sheeting Machine, Plastic Bag Making Machine, Slitting Machine, Slitter Rewinder
Country/Region:
Zhejiang, China
Company Profile:
Our company, RUIAN MINGFENG MACHINERY Co., Ltd. is located in the RUIAN city, ZHEJIANG province, China. We are established in 2000, It covers land area of 5, 000 sqm, standardized workshops of 1, 000 sqm, and potentially holds 100 people to work, which is one of the large scale machine manufacturer in Ruian City. We are profeesional manuafacturer in making the plastic film blowing machine, plastic bag making machine, plastic recycling machine, slitting and rewinding machine and the printing machine etc.

Jiangsu Leizhan International Trade Co., Ltd.

5.0
Main Products:
Paper Machine, Paper Making Machine, Paper Machine Clothes, Industry Belt, Paper Stock Preparation Machine, Paper Testing Equipment, Pulping Equipment, Paper Machine Spare Parts, Paper Machinery, Tissue Machine
Country/Region:
Jiangsu, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
LEIZHAN is a China Based engineering company and machinery supplier committed to offer complate solution and provide high-cost-performance equipments related to stock preparation and paper-making industry.

Wenzhou Snda Machinery Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Honeycomb Paper Making Machine, Pre-Opened Bag Making Machine, Autobag Packing Machine, Honeycomb Paper, Film Blowing Machine, Plastic Bag Making Machine, Slitting Machine, Paper Sheeting Machine
Country/Region:
Zhejiang, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Wenzhou Snda Machinery Co., Ltd, located in Ruian city which is is packing machine capital of China, over 20 Years China professional plastic packing machine, paper cushion machinery manufacturer and wrapping cushion paper material solution supplier.

Tongling Leachan Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd

23 yrs·5.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Manufacturing of Automation Equipment, Strapping Machine, Pet Stapping, Automatic Strapping Machine), Wrapping Machine, Packaging Machine, Automated Packaging Solutions, Chinese Packaging Machinery Manufacturers, Stretch Film, Palletizing Robot
Country/Region:
Anhui, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
  Tongling Leachan Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., established in 2004, is a high-tech enterprise that integrates research and development (R&D), production, and sales of industrial automated packaging equipment. It has been accredited as both a Specialized, Refined, Unique, and Innovative (SRDI) SME and a technology-based enterprise, reflecting its commitment to innovation and specialized manufacturing.

Wenzhou Binbao Machinery Co., Ltd

6 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Paper Slitter Rewinder Machine, Paper Roll Cutting Machine, Paper Roll to Sheet Cutting Machine, A4 Copy Paper Production Line, Paper Slitting Rewinding Machine, Paper Roll Sheeter Machine, Plastic Fi
Country/Region:
Zhejiang, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Binbao Machinery Co. Ltd is well known leader manufacturer of web shaped roll material converting equipment in China. Wefocus on R&D and production high performance slitter rewinder machine, sheeter cutter machine for paper, film, board. Cigarette paper, liquid aseptic packaging, aluminum foil and other special material. Over past ten vears, company founders and staffs insisted to manufacture top quality machines and provide best serviceto support the industry development, There are more than 500 manufacturers and converters who are satisfied with soldmachines from Binbao machinery in the worldwide.

Shanghai Chengqi Packing Machinery Co., Ltd.

17 yrs·5.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Shrink Packaging Machine, Shrink Wrapping Machine, Shrink Tunnel, Shrink Wrapper, Sealing Shrink Machine, Heat Shrink Machine, Cellophane Wrapping Machine, Compress Packaging Machine, Shrink Machine
Country/Region:
Shanghai, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Shanghai ChengQi Packing Machinery Co., Ltd. is located in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. A professional manufacturer of fully automatic heat shrink packaging equipment. Rated as high and new tech enterprises in Shanghai in 2023. We mainly research, develop and produce packaging equipment and provide packaging solutions. "Focus on quality, service attentively" as our core value. Hope through our professional level and unremitting efforts to provide customers superior performance packaging equipment and quality after sales service.

Ruian Hengtuo Machinery Co., Ltd.

10 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Stretch Film Machine, Bubble Film Machine, Plastic Recycling Machine, Film Blowing Machine, Flexo Printing Machine, Plastic Bag Making Machine, Bubble Wrap Film Making Machine, Plastic Recycling Granulator, Bubble Film Making Machine, Rewinding Machine
Country/Region:
Zhejiang, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Company Profile (HENGTUO/ HONTO brand)

Tengyi Intelligent Equipment (Dongguan) Co., Ltd.

12 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory
Main Products:
Fully automatic edge sealing and shrinking machine,Vertical cylinder machine, L-type automatic sealing and cutting machine
Country/Region:
Guangdong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Tengyi has been deeply involved in the field of packaging equipment for 11 years, and has grown into a trusted professional manufacturer in the industry with its profound technical expertise and continuous innovation capabilities. We are customer-oriented and focus on the research and production of heat shrink packaging, bagging, sealing machines and other series of equipment, while providing personalized non-standard customization services.

Shandong Tongjia Machinery Co., Ltd.

23 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Mechanical Equipment
Country/Region:
Shandong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Shandong Tongjia Machinery Co., Ltd, located in High-New Technology Industry Development Zone of Jining City, Shandong Province. We are a science, industry and trade integration modern large enterprise group, one of the largest professional manufacturer of plastic machinery in China, Top 3 enterprise of China plastic extrusion machinery industry in 2014, Vice President of China Plastics Machinery Industry Association, Vice President of China plastics Processing Industry Association, the National Key High-Tech Enterprises and China's Patent Star Enterprise.

Langfang Shengxing Food Machinery Co., Ltd.

22 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Spring Roll Pastry Machine, Samosa Pasty Machine, Injera Making Machine, Arabic Bread Machine, Pita Bread Machine, Tortilla Machine, Snack Food Productin Line
Country/Region:
Hebei, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Langfang Shengxing Food Machinery Co., Ltd. Factory in 1956, with 60 years of production history, strong production strength, advanced technical level, innovative production concept and scientific management methods, complete equipment, advanced product structure, stable performance, safety and reliable, simple operation and maintenance, products selling all over the country, and sold to overseas countries, trusted by the majority of users. Many years of production of spring roll machine, spring cake machine, egg skin machine, fan machine, expansion machine, leisure food equipment and other food machinery professional manufacturers.

Jiangsu Jwell Intelligent Machinery Co., Ltd.

6 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
JWELL Extrusion Machine, Plastic Extruder, Sheet Film Board Pipe Profile Line, Blow Molding & Fiber Spinning Machine, Screw Barrel Mold Roller, for PP PE PET PVC TPU PVB POE PEEK
Country/Region:
Jiangsu, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Jiangsu JWELL Intelligent Machinery Co., Ltd. And China JWELL Intelligent Machinery Co., Ltd. Are another development strategy center of Shanghai JWELL Machinery Co., Ltd. Locating at Chengxiang Industrial town Taicang city, a high-tech manufacturer specializing in research and development of plastic extrusion equipment. The factory area is of 300 acres, more than 1000 staff and 280 technical and management employees; We have a high qualified R&D and experienced mechanical and electrical engineer team as well as advanced processing foundation and normative assembly shop. We supply more than 1000 high class (sets)lines annually. Our enterprise spirit is "Attentive, Enduring, Quick and Orderly", keeping on exploring of new extrusion field. Different kinds of products are available in our company.

Ruian Shengxiang Packaging Machinery Co., Ltd.

7 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Slitting Machine, Paper Cutting Machine, Cross Cutting Machine, Rewinding Machine, Flexo Printing Machine
Country/Region:
Zhejiang, China
Company Profile:
Ruian Shengxiang Packaging Machinery Co, Ltd. was established in 2010. It is a private economic entity integrating development, design, production, sales, and service. Mainly specializing in the manufacture of packaging equipment such as cross-cutting machines, A4 paper cutting machines, slitting machines, roll paper cutting machines, rewinding machines, printing machines, and so on.

Wenzhou Paso Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Bubble Film Machine, Stretch Film Machine, Bubble Bag Machine, Bag Making Machine, Recycling Pelletizer, PVC Cling Film Machine, Bubble Mailer Machine, Air Bubble Film Making Machine, Bubble Sheet Cutter, Film Blowing Machine
Country/Region:
Zhejiang, China
R&D Capacity:
ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Wenzhou paso machinery is a professional manufacturer and exporter in China focus on making various models of air bubble film machine, PE stretch film machine, PVC cling film machine; Extrusion laminating machine, air bubble film bag making machine, bubble pouch machine, bubble mailer machine(standup envelope machine), also give complete solutions of plastic bag production line including PE or PP film blowing machine, printing machine, shopping bag sealing cutting machine; Also includs suppling plastic waste recycling granulator pelletizer if customer demand. We also help customer purchasing all legal items products especially plastic machinery from China, because paso is in sufficient resources of relative partners, we are insiste on looking forward to building more business cooperation with world wide; Win-win cooperation with customers is always paso industry's spirit. Customers' demand is our motivation. Paso industry get CE approval and AAA quality control, with high-level technical talented teams for the design, the development, the poduction, the installation, the after-service; For your turn-key project

Qingdao Colourful Machinery Co., Ltd.

11 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory
Main Products:
Line Profile Laminator Machine, CNC Laminator Machine, Sheet Material Laminator Machine, Automatic Slitting Machine, Solvent Profile Wrapping Machine
Country/Region:
Shandong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Qingdao colourful machinery Co., Ltd is a company integrating design and research, production, domestic and international sales, China Construction Metal Structure Association, China Construction Metal Structure Association, Board of Directors of Qingdao Furniture Association, we focus on the design and research of various decoration materials surface treatment machine. The initial team of the organization is professional engineers who have ten years of experience in this field. The main product include PUR hot glue laminator machine, flat laminator, PUR sheet laminator machine, door panel laminator machine, PUR special-shaped edge banding machine, cold laminator machine, undertake laminating, automatic veneer production line, The machine can work on various profile, board, and sheet, with wood, aluminum alloy, steel, and PVC material, Our various products apply to furniture, door industry, door and windows profile industry, home appliances, automobile, and other industries. Colourful equipment serves many countries and regions in the world, and has won wide praise in the industry.

Lianyungang Zxj Machinery Co., Ltd.

10 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Folding & Packaging Machine, Tissue Paper and Toilet Paper Making Machine, Wet Wipes Making Machine, Non-Woven Fabric Folding Machine, Foil Slitting & Folding Machine, Deli Paper Making Machine
Country/Region:
Jiangsu, China
R&D Capacity:
ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
ZXJ Machinery: Bringing cost-effective and reliable automated production machinery to industries worldwide

Zhangjiagang Deling Machinery Co, Ltd

10 yrs·5.0
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Plastic Recycling Equipment, Recycling Washing Line, Plastic Granulation Line, Single and Double Shaft Shredder, Crusher
Country/Region:
Jiangsu, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
Our company is located at No. 2 Changrui Road, Changyinsha Modern Agriculture Demonstration Park, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province. We are a physical source factory specializing in the production of cleaning and recycling equipment, crushers, shredders, and granulation equipment. Our company offers variety of products which can meet your multifarious demands. We will tailor products that best meet your expectations according to your needs. We adhere to the management principles of "quality first, customer first and credit-based" since the establishment of the company and always do our best to satisfy potential needs of our customers. We will provide you with higher quality products at the lowest possible price. Our company is sincerely willing to cooperate with enterprises from all over the world in order to realize a win-win situation since the trend of economic globalization has developed with anirresistible force. If you are interested in our products, please contact us. We are always waiting to talk to you and look forward to working for you!

Henan Orange Industry Co., Ltd.

12 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Candy Machinery, Biscuit Machinery, Chocolate Machinery, Meat Machinery, Drying Machinery, Fruit and Vegetable Processing Machinery, Noodle Machinery, Baking Machinery, Egg Making Machine, Pharmaceutical Making Machine
Country/Region:
Henan, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Henan Orange Industry Co., Ltd. Was established in July 2015 in Yancheng District, Luohe City, Henan Province. As a subsidiary of Luohe Orange Group, the company integrates its own factory operations with foreign trade sales, exercising full-chain control from R&D to production and export.

Henan Ocean Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.

Main Products:
Candy Machinery, Biscuit Machinery, Chocolate Machinery, Fruit and Vegetable Processing Machinery, Meat Processing Machinery, Pasta Machinery, Baking Machinery, Industrial Machinery, Packaging Machinery, Pharmaceutical Machinery
Country/Region:
Henan, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Henan Ocean Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd., located in Luohe City, Henan Province, is a modern professional manufacturer of food machinery equipment integrating R&D, design, production, sales, and after-sales service. The company enjoys a superior geographical location, convenient logistics and transportation, and complete production facilities, making it very convenient for customers to conduct on-site inspections and equipment delivery. The company specializes in producing various complete sets of food machinery equipment, mainly covering a full range of supporting equipment such as candy production lines, biscuit production lines, drying machinery equipment, freeze-drying machinery equipment, and fully automatic packaging production lines. These are widely used in the snack food, beverage, and agricultural product deep processing industries, providing one-stop service to meet customers' production needs for factory construction, expansion, and equipment upgrades. The factory covers an area of 15, 000 square meters and has standardized production workshops, complete processing equipment, a professional technical team, and a comprehensive quality inspection system. From raw material feeding, CNC machining, machine assembly, pressure testing and debugging to factory acceptance, every process is strictly controlled to ensure that every piece of equipment has stable performance, low failure rate, high durability, and meets food safety production standards. The company has domestic and international sales departments, technical R&D departments, production departments, and after-sales installation departments. The team has a clear division of labor and responds quickly. Our engineering team boasts years of industry experience and can provide free comprehensive production line planning and customized equipment configurations based on your factory size, production capacity requirements, and product type. We also offer one-stop service including on-site installation, commissioning, training, and lifetime maintenance. For many years, our company has adhered to the principle of survival through quality and winning the market through reputation. We insist on high-performance, cost-effective products, standardized processes, and transparent and trustworthy cooperation to help our clients reduce investment costs, improve production efficiency, and enhance product quality. We sincerely welcome new and old customers from home and abroad to visit our factory, inspect our facilities, and discuss cooperation. We are available 24/7 online to meet your needs and look forward to long-term cooperation, mutual benefit, and becoming your most reliable machinery and equipment partner.

Henan Ocean Machine Co., Ltd.

1 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory
Main Products:
Candy Machinery, Biscuit Machinery, Chocolate Machinery, Drying Machinery, Freeze Dryer, Pasta Production Line, Bakery Machinery, Meat Processing Machinery, Fruit and Vegetable Processing Machinery, Industrial Machinery
Country/Region:
Henan, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Henan ocean Machinery Co., Ltd. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of OrangeGroup specializing in food machinery manufacturing. With roots dating back to 1994 and over thirty years of experience in the food processing equipment industry, the company operates a facility covering 16, 088 square meters. It is a comprehensive, modern enterprise integrating R&D and design, machinery manufacturing, turnkey solutions, and global import-export trade.

Luohe Orange Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd.

14 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Candy Machinery, Biscuit Machinery, Chocolate Machinery, Meat Machinery, Baking Machinery, Pasta Machinery, Food Machinery, Packaging Machinery, Drying Machinery, Freeze Drying Machinery
Country/Region:
Henan, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Luohe Orange Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Orange") is a comprehensive industrial enterprise located in Henan Province, China. The company specializes in the production, processing, and sales of electromechanical equipment. Main products include: Snack food processing lines, pet food processing lines, confectionery machinery, cake and biscuit machinery, fruit and vegetable processing equipment, meat processing machinery, filling machines, packaging machines, and other general food processing machinery.

Xingtai Dongpei Trading Co., Ltd

Main Products:
CNC Lathe Machine, Manual Lathe Machine, Car Washing Machine, Electric Forklift, 90°Turning Machines, Pre-Stretched Film Wrapping Machine, Punching and Shearing Machine, Wall Plastering Machine, Secondary Structure Pump
Country/Region:
Hebei, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Xingtai Dongpei Trading  Co., Ltd, is an enterprise integrating mdustry and trade. Our company is located in a park covering an area of about 5000 square meters, and we have a standardized officebuilding and a modernized production workshop of 3000 square meters, Our company has been committed to themanufacture and research and development of CNC lathe and packaging machinery. The members of our R&Ddepartment have 30 years of experience in R&D and manufacturing and have a mature manufacturing systemThe number of machines sold in China market is more than 1500 per year, with durable equipment, perfect after-salesservice system and a large customer base. Strict quality control guidelines are followed from machine design toproduction. Every machine that leaves the factory is strictly done with the confidence of the customer. As a supplier ofdurable equipment to the industry, we have developed more than 60 products in 10 series. The main products are CNC lathes, manual lathes, car washers, punching and shearing machines, pallet wrapping andpackaging machines, heat shrink packaging machines, vertical coil winding machines, horizontal coil winding machine90° Turning machines, and horizontal windingmachine seriesOur products are exported to Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe and other countries. We have rich export experience and alarge customer base. We can customize safe and eficient equipment for you. We can also provide OEM service for youWith the most advantageous products and the most favorable price, we are looking forward to establishing a long-termcooperative relationship with you.

Ruian Ruifeng Packing Machine Co., Ltd.

31 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Main Products:
Bag Making Machine, Plastic Bag Machine, Slitting Machine, Cross Cutting Machine, Printing Machine
Country/Region:
Zhejiang, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Sample Service:
Sample Available
Company Profile:
The company is located on Ruian city belonged to South Zhejiang, which has convenient traffic and long history of machinery manufacture. We have our own factory RUIAN RUIFENG PACKING MACHINE Co., Ltd since 1996, As a professional manufacturer of plastic bag making machines, we can supply various plastic bag making machine such as flat bag making machine, vest bag making machine, three sealed zipper bag making machine, bubble film bag making machine, etc. And we also supply the film blowing machine, film laminating machine, printing machine and other relative plastic machine.

Huanyu (Shandong) Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd.

2 yrs
·Manufacturer/Factory
Main Products:
Pallet Wrapping Machine, Mobile Dock Leveler, Fixed Dock Leveler
Country/Region:
Shandong, China
R&D Capacity:
OEM/ODM Service
Company Profile:
Huanyu (Shandong) Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd. Deeply cultivating the field of intelligent equipment and creating a benchmark for quality service In the booming trend of industrial automation equipment industry, there is a company that stands out in the fierce market competition with excellent product quality, humanized design concept, first-class service level, and rigorous professional ethics, and has won high praise from customers all over the country. It is Huanyu (Shandong) Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd. is located in Jibei Development Zone, Jinan City, Shandong Province, a well-known production base for lifting platforms in China. This place has a superior geographical location, convenient transportation, and significant industrial cluster effects, providing a unique location advantage and industrial foundation for the development of smart devices in the environment. As a modern technology-based production enterprise integrating design, manufacturing, sales, installation, and after-sales service, Huanyu Intelligent Equipment has always adhered to the development philosophy of "high quality, integrity first, excellence, and enterprising" since its establishment. This philosophy is not only the guiding direction for the company's development, but also the firm belief that every "Stree person" remembers and puts into action, integrated into every aspect of the enterprise's production and operation. In the field of product manufacturing, Huanyu Intelligent Equipment has demonstrated excellent professional capabilities and strict quality control awareness.