Home
Supplier Discovery
Manufacturing & Processing Machinery
Compactor
Vibratory Roller Compactor Factories & Companies
Filter
Category
Agriculture & Food
Construction & Decoration
Electrical & Electronics
Manufacturing & Processing Machinery
Metallurgy, Mineral & Energy
More
Management Certification
Others
ISO9001:2015
ISO14001:2015
ANSI/ESD
ISO 9001
More
R&D Capacity
OEM
ODM
Own Brand
Others
Annual Revenue
<1 Million USD
1 ~ 2.5 Million USD
2.5 ~ 5 Million USD
5 ~ 10 Million USD
10 ~ 50 Million USD
More
No.of Employees
Less than 5 People
5-50 People
51-200 People
201-500 People
501-1000 People
More
Province & Region
Anhui
Beijing
Chongqing
Fujian
Guangdong
More
about vibratory roller compactor
Technological Innovation
Reliable Supply Chains
Substantial Manufacturing Capabilities
vibratory roller compactor
400+ factories verified
Wuxi Mr Hippo Machinary Co., Ltd
5.0
Send Inquiry
10 Ton Small Road Rollers Xs103jiv Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Compactor for Sale
US$
25,000.00
-
28,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Double Drum Road Roller, Compactor, Vibratory with 75Hz Vibration Frequency
US$
1,860.00
-
2,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Optimal Power Road Roller, Compactor, Vibratory for Efficient Compaction Work
US$
1,860.00
-
2,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Reliable Road Roller, Compactor, Vibratory, Diesel for Smooth Asphalt Finish
US$
5,300.00
-
5,800.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong Topwin Machinery Co., Ltd.
5.0
Send Inquiry
Construction Heavy Duty Equipment Machine Single Double Drum Vibratory 10t 12 Ton 14 Ton 16ton 20 T Road Roller Compactor for Earth Soil Asphalt Pavement Price
US$
15,000.00
-
28,000.00
1 set
(MOQ)
Rodillo Compactador 3/4 Ton 2t Vibratory Roller Compactor Price
US$
900.00
-
3,600.00
1 set
(MOQ)
12 Ton 14/20 Ton Compactadora Single Drum Vibratory Roller Compactor
US$
13,000.00
-
28,000.00
1 set
(MOQ)
8 Ton 7 Ton 5 Ton 12 Ton Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Machinery Compactor for Sale
US$
15,000.00
-
28,000.00
1 set
(MOQ)
1/4
Shenzhen Wishope Technology Co., Ltd
Send Inquiry
Hydraulic Driving Double Drum Vibrating Plate 3 5 8 10 Ton Vibratory Earth Small Mini Road Roller Compactor
US$
51,900.00
-
51,980.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Road Machinery 8 Ton Vibratory Hydraulic Roller Compactor with Cummins4bt3.9 Diesel Egnine
US$
51,900.00
-
51,980.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
10ton Hydraulic Double Drive Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Machine Compactor
US$
30,000.00
-
30,600.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
10 Ton Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Vibratory Compactor with Low Price
US$
30,000.00
-
30,600.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Sinoway Industrial (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Small Single Drum Vibrating Roller Compactor Machine Price 10 Ton 12 Ton 14 Ton 18ton 20 Ton Mini Vibratory Soil Compactor for Earth and Asphalt Road Compaction
US$
49,500.00
-
50,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
26 Tonne Soil Compactor Small Vibratory Roller Compactor for Road Construction
US$
68,700.00
-
73,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Sinoway 18ton Single Drum Mechanical Road Roller Vibratory Compactor
US$
55,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Lt214 Mini Vibratory Asphalt Roller Compactor 14 Ton Vibrating Earth Soil Compactor
US$
29,700.00
-
31,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Shanghai Vostosun Industrial Co., Ltd.
20 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
1-2 Ton Double Steel Wheel Vibratory Roller Hand Push Asphalt Vibratory Compactor
US$
6,800.00
-
7,200.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
3 Ton Asphalt Roller Tandem Vibratory Road Roller Compactor
US$
6,800.00
-
7,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Single Drum Road Roller Vibratory Compactor Brand New Cost-Effective
US$
42,000.00
-
43,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
10-16ton Hydraulic Vibratory Road Roller Vibration Compactor Single Drum Ltd210h 212h 214h 216h
US$
9,600.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Henan Weiterui Machinery Co., Ltd.
5.0
Send Inquiry
Type 1000 Drive a Road Roller Compaction 4ton Full Hydraulic Double Drum Ride on Mini Vibratory Road Roller Compactor or Parts
US$
6,500.00
-
7,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
New Update Road Roller Vibratory Roller Compactor for Sale
US$
5,400.00
-
5,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Honda Petrol Vibratory Jumping Jack Compactor (FYCH-80)
US$
200.00
-
280.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Portable Forward Vibratoring Plate Compactor Floor Vibratory Rammer for Construction Tools Concrete Parts Plate Compaction Machine
US$
206.00
-
362.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Changge Kowloon Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
5.0
Send Inquiry
Double Three Cylinder Driving Vibratory Road Roller Mini Road Roller Compactor
US$
1,100.00
-
1,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Hot Sale Mini Type Vibratory Road Roller Compactor Machine with High Performance
US$
1,400.00
-
1,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Double Drum Road Roller Hydraulic Walk Behind Road Roller Vibratory Soil Compactor
US$
1,100.00
-
1,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Gasoline Electric Plate Compactor Concrete Pavenment Road Smooth Operation
US$
150.00
-
500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Luoyang Lutong Heavy Industry Machinery Co., Ltd
22 yrs
·
5.0
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
12 Ton Hydraulic Vibratory Road Roller Compactor for Asphalt
US$
36,000.00
-
45,000.00
1 unit
(MOQ)
Brand New 3 Ton Vibratory Combined Roller Compactor
US$
13,800.00
-
17,200.00
1 unit
(MOQ)
High-Performance 10-Ton Vibratory Roller Compactor for Road Construction
US$
25,760.00
-
32,200.00
1 Unit
(MOQ)
Brand New 3 Ton Double Drum Vibratory Steel Wheel Roller Compactor
US$
13,800.00
-
17,200.00
1 unit
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong Storike Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd.
15 yrs
·
5.0
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
6t 7t 8t 10t 12t Single Drum Roller Vibratory Sheeps Foot Compactor
US$
19,999.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
800kg Cheap Price Diesel Gasoline Power Vibratory Roller Compactor Europe
US$
1,000.00
-
2,000.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
Compact Hydraulic Vibratory Road Roller Compactor for Small to Medium Construction
US$
1,250.00
-
1,350.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Multi-Functional 0.7ton-4ton Road Roller Ride on Vibratory Asphalt Roller Compactor
US$
2,200.00
-
2,600.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Sinomach-Hi International Equipment Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
3tons Vibratory Mini Road Roller Mini Compactor
US$
8,100.00
-
10,300.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Changlin Official 800kg Mini Vibratory Road Roller Compactor
US$
8,200.00
-
10,400.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Changlin China Civil Mini Road Roller Compactor Good Price for Sale Yzc08HD
US$
8,300.00
-
10,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Yz10 Changlin Original Factory 10 Ton Vibratory Roller Single Drum Road Roller Compactor Construction Machine for Sale
US$
23,100.00
-
29,200.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Terramech Machinery (Shandong) Co., Ltd
Send Inquiry
18 Ton Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Compactor Sem518
US$
40,000.00
-
41,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Brand New Vibratory Single Drum Road Roller Sem520 Road Compactor
US$
43,000.00
-
44,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Brand New Sem518 18ton 170HP Single Drum Vibratory Roller Road Roller Compactor Hot Sale in Africa
US$
40,000.00
-
41,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Sem520 Vibratory Types Road Roller Low Price Brand New Compactor
US$
43,000.00
-
44,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong Roadway Construction Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
15 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Heavy-Duty Double Drum Vibratory Road Roller Compactor for Sale
US$
13,797.00
-
19,383.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
165kg 5.5HP Durable and Efficient Roller Compactor Vibratory Plate Compactor
US$
500.00
-
928.00
1 Unit
(MOQ)
Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Compactor
Negotiable
1 pcs
(MOQ)
1ton Vibratory Compactor Ride on Road Roller
US$
2,132.00
-
3,959.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Lymech (Shandong) Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd
Send Inquiry
China Brand Shantui Road Roller Sr14mA 14ton 95kw Manual Single-Drum Vibratory Asphalt Compactor
US$
28,000.00
-
59,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
China Brand New Shantui 82kw 10ton Sr10 Small Fully Hydraulic Weichai Engine Vibratory Road Roller Compactor Price
US$
9,800.00
-
20,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
China Small Road Machinery Road Roller CE 1ton Diesel Vibratory Mini Road Roller Compactor
US$
1,160.00
-
1,390.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Shantui 20 Ton 140kw Hydraulic Vibratory Road Roller Sr20-3 Compactor Capacity for Sale
US$
32,000.00
-
45,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong Benma Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd.
12 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
540kg Road Roller Compactor with Manual Vibratory Drum Road Roller Compactor Machine
US$
1,250.00
-
1,350.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Double Drum Hydraulic Road Roller Vibratory Soil Compactor with Hand Operation Easy
US$
990.00
-
1,600.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Construction Machinery Mini Vibratory Road Roller Soil Compactor with Hand Easy Operation
US$
993.00
-
1,580.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Double Drum Road Roller Hydraulic Walk Behind Road Roller Vibratory Soil Compactor
US$
620.00
-
1,680.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Jinan Shansong Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Hydraulic Pneumatic Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Machine Compactor for Construction Works
US$
3,200.00
-
5,300.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Factory Price Excavator Small Vibratory Mini Compactor Machine Double Drum Road Roller
US$
3,200.00
-
5,300.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Smooth Drum Excavator Compaction Wheel Slope Compactor Vibratory Rollers for Excavator
US$
3,200.00
-
5,300.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Excavator Soil Vibrator Hydraulic Plate Compactor Vibrating Earth Compactor Vibratory Road Roller 10 Ton Road Roller Compactor
US$
3,200.00
-
5,300.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Changge Xulaide Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.
8 yrs
·
5.0
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
C100 Preferential Vibratory Plate Compactor Mini Road Roller Compactor Plate Compactor
US$
340.00
-
360.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Walk Behind 1 Ton to 10 Ton Compactor Vibratory Hand Vibratory Pedestrian Roller Asphalt Single Double Drum Roller Compactor
US$
1,600.00
-
1,900.00
1 sets
(MOQ)
Heavy-Duty Vibratory Plate Compactor for Tough Soil Compaction
US$
270.00
-
320.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
2 Ton Hydraulic Road Roller Compactor for Efficient Roadwork
US$
800.00
-
1,000.00
1 sets
(MOQ)
1/4
Yantai Wenbo Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.
8 yrs
·
5.0
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Hydraulic Pneumatic Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Machine Compactor for Construction Works
US$
2,100.00
-
4,999.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
Hydraulic Vibratory Road for Asphalt and Soil Compaction Roller Compactor
US$
1,800.00
-
3,500.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
10-20 Tons Heavy Duty Roller Hydraulic Vibratory Roller Compactor for Roadbed Compaction
US$
1,800.00
-
3,500.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
Factory Direct Sales Excavator Compactor Vibratory Rammer Excavator Vibration Plate Hydraulic Roller
US$
254.00
-
800.00
1 Set
(MOQ)
1/4
Jining Furuide Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
18 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Hydraulic Roller Vibratory Compactor 3 Ton Vibrating Double Drums Roller Compactor
US$
10,000.00
-
20,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
500kg Small Asphalt Hand Road Roller Small Walk Behind Vibratory Roller Compactor
US$
1,000.00
-
2,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Hyrdostatic Vibratory Double Drum Road Roller Compactor Fyl-850
US$
3,000.00
-
3,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Honda Engine Vibratory Roller Compactor for Sale
US$
1,000.00
-
2,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong China Coal Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.
7 yrs
·
Manufacturer/Factory & Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Made in China Road Construction Machinery Roller Compactor 8 Ton Vibratory Roller Highway Roller Single Drum Road Roller Asphalt Roller Compactor for Sale
US$
2,800.00
-
3,800.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Handheld Walk-Behind Double Drum Roller 1-3 Ton Vibrating Roller Mini Roller Tire Road Vibratory Roller Compactor for Sale
US$
1,200.00
-
1,400.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Small and Medium-Sized Vibratory Roller 6t Rear Rubber Wheel Compactor Front Steel Wheel Hydraulic Asphalt Roller Single Drum Compactor
US$
3,200.00
-
3,400.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Double Drum Walk Behind Mini Road Roller Machine Price Vibratory Electric Roller Parts for Sale Earth Road Roller Compactor
US$
1,200.00
-
1,400.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Shanghai Heyimai Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Low Price 22ton Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Sem522 Compactor
US$
25,000.00
-
37,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Chinese 26ton Vibratory Road Roller Compactor 6626e with Spare Parts
US$
38,000.00
-
55,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Top Sale New 22 Ton Road Roller 6622e Single Drum Vibratory Compactor
US$
32,000.00
-
52,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Famous Brand Sem512 12ton Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Compactor Machine
US$
30,000.00
-
55,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Qingdao Chary Machinery Co., Ltd.
11 yrs
·
5.0
Send Inquiry
0.85 Ton Small Mini Tandem Self-Propelled Vibratory Machine Road Roller Compactor
US$
1,500.00
-
8,500.00
1 Unit
(MOQ)
Low Price Front Steel Back Glue Mini Compactor Double Drum Vibratory Roller 1.5 Ton Road Roller
US$
980.00
-
1,900.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
2 Ton Hydraulic Roller Double Drum Vibratory Compactor
US$
35,000.00
-
60,000.00
1 Unit
(MOQ)
Official 40t Single Drum Vibratory Road Rollers Compactor
US$
35,000.00
-
60,000.00
1 Unit
(MOQ)
1/4
Shandong Changsheng Runze Construction Machinery Co., Ltd
Send Inquiry
Lightweight Vibratory Compactor for 6000kg Road Roller Applications
US$
5,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
3-Ton Vibratory Road Roller Compactor with Home Delivery Service
US$
3,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Hot Sale Lightweight Design Landscaping Compaction Vibratory Compactor with CE
Negotiable
1 Piece
(MOQ)
High Performance Lightweight Design Sidewalk Construction Vibratory Compactor for Construction Projects
Negotiable
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Henan Gallant Mechanical Equipment Co., Ltd
4 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Original Used Dynapac Cc522 Double Drums Vibratory Compactor Used Road Roller with Good Condition
US$
8,000.00
-
15,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Hot Sale Original Secondhand Vibratory Road Roller Caterpillar Cat CS683e /Used Vibratory Compactor Cat CS76 Xt Good Condition
US$
22,800.00
-
33,200.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Hot Sale Sale of 20 Tons of Used Dynapac Single Steel Wheel Vibratory Roller Ca610d Compactor for Sale at a Low Price
US$
18,000.00
-
23,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Top Brand SSR120c-10 12ton Road Roller Vibratory Compactor for Sale
US$
36,800.00
-
39,800.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
jinan Solid Construction Machinery Co., Ltd
3 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Shantui Vibratory Roller Compactor 18ton Payload for Construction Road Compaction
US$
10,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Shantui Single Drum Roller Vibratory Roller 16ton Compactor Asphalt Compaction 20ton Heavy Compacor for Asphalt Road Compaction Construction Roller 25ton Roller
US$
10,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Shantui Heavy Compactor 16 Ton Vibratory Road Roller Earthmoving Machines
US$
10,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
China 3ton 5ton Tandem Compactor with Double Wheel Roller for Vibratory Roller
US$
10,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
SHANDONG LIXU INTERNATIONAL TRADING CO., LTD
7 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
12 Ton Single Drum Road Roller Sem512 Vibratory Road Roller Soil Compactor
US$
30,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Brand New 22ton Hydraulic Single Drive Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Compactor Sem522
US$
50,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
26 Ton Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Sem526 End Customized Vibratory High Efficiency Machine Roller Compactor
US$
50,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
High Quality and Top Latest Design Vibratory Road Roller New Prices Road Roller Compactor
US$
50,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Nantong Haoshi Engineering Machinery Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
8208t 20 Ton Diesel Full Hydraulic New Compactor Vibratory Road Roller
US$
40,000.00
-
45,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
China Made Sem526 Single Drum Compactor Vibratory Road Roller
US$
38,000.00
-
44,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Sem526 Single Drum Compactor Vibratory Road Roller 26 Ton Provided in China
US$
38,000.00
-
44,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Diesel Full Hydraulic Compactor Vibratory 8208t Road Roller Single Drum
US$
40,000.00
-
45,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Maxizm Construction Machinery (Qingdao) Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
16ton Xs162j Vibratory Compactor Road Roller Vibratory Compactor for Sale
US$
26,000.00
-
35,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Top Brand Xs103j Vibratory Road Roller 10ton Single Drum Compactor Ready in Stock
US$
28,400.00
-
32,900.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
14ton Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller Compactor Xs143 in Stock
US$
40,500.00
-
41,500.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
in Russia Xs143j Road Construction Machinery Official 15 Ton Vibratory Road Roller
US$
23,500.00
-
25,600.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Skymard Construction Machinery (Hunan) Co., Ltd.
5 yrs
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Sem512 Vibratory Road Roller Compactor Machine 12 Ton Soil Compactor
US$
32,000.00
-
34,000.00
1 units
(MOQ)
Vibratory Roller 6032e Double Drum Compactor for Sale
US$
22,000.00
-
28,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Road Construction Machinery Single Drum Road Roller 6114e Vibratory Compactor
US$
28,000.00
-
32,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
14ton New Hydraulic Single Drum Vibratory Road Roller SSR140AC-8 Vibrator Soil Compactor
US$
32,000.00
-
34,000.00
1 units
(MOQ)
1/4
Henan Xuanhua Machinery Co., Ltd.
Send Inquiry
Small Hand Push Vibratory Road Roller Compactor
US$
1,190.00
-
20,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Small High Quality Hand Push Single/Double Drum Soil Vibratory Road Roller Compactor Price
US$
1,190.00
-
20,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
2/6 Ton Double Drum Vibration Soil Asphalt Road Roller Compactor for Sale
US$
1,190.00
-
20,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Factory Direct Sales 1.5/1/10 Ton Hand Push Type Road Roller Compactor
US$
1,190.00
-
20,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
Jinan Quan Yu Import and Export Co., Ltd.
10 yrs
·
5.0
·
Trading Company
Send Inquiry
Building Equipment 12ton Road Roller RS7120 Vibratory Compactor Hot Sale
US$
38,000.00
-
45,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
Sem520 Vibratory Types of Road Roller for Sale Low Price Compactor
US$
38,000.00
-
45,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
22 Tons Sem Single Drum Road Roller Vibratory Compactor
US$
38,000.00
-
45,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
14ton Vibratory Compactor Road Roller RS8140 Plate Compactor Hot Sale
US$
38,000.00
-
45,000.00
1 Piece
(MOQ)
1/4
1
16
Hot Products
Construction Machinery
Construction Equipment
China Roller
Road Machinery
Small Roller
Roller Construction
Road Roller
China Compactor
Related Manufacturers & Supplier
Road Compactor Factories
Used Roller Compactor Factories
Road Roller Compactor Factories
Vibratory Road Compactor Factories
Hydraulic Vibratory Roller Manufacturers
Vibratory Roller Manufacturers
Compactor Roller Manufacturers
Vibratory Compactor Manufacturers